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See also
Biology major, Doing well in biology class, and Essays.
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Science
Science,
Biology,
Chemistry,
Physics,
Accuracy,
Controlled variables,
Dependent variable,
Independent variable,
Negative control,
Positive control,
Scientific method,
Sensitivity,
Return to top…
Physics
Atom,
Atomic mass,
Dalton,
Determinism,
Dynamic equilibrium,
Electron,
Element,
Energy,
Energy transduction,
First law of thermodyanmics,
Fluorescence,
Half life,
Heat,
Hypertonic solution,
Hypotonic solution,
Isotonic solution,
Isotope,
Kinetic energy,
Neutron,
Osmotic pressure,
Physics,
Photon,
Proton,
Potential energy,
Second law of thermodynamics,
Simple diffusion,
Spontaneous process,
Static equilibrium,
Stochastic,
Thermodynamics,
Waste heat,
Return to top…
Chemistry
Acid,
Adhesion,
Activation energy,
Affinity,
Anion,
Aqueous solution,
Atomic number,
Base,
Carbon,
Carbon dioxide,
Catalyst,
Cation,
Charge,
Chemical bond,
Chemical,
Chemical energy,
Chemical equilibrium,
Chemical reaction,
Chemistry,
Cohesion,
Colloid,
Compound,
Concentration,
Condensation reaction,
Conformation,
Covalent bond,
Decomposition reaction,
Detergent,
Dissociation,
Double bond,
Down a concentration gradient,
Electrochemical gradient,
Electronegativity,
Electrons store energy,
Endergonic reaction,
Energy in bonds,
Exchange reaction,
Exergonic reaction,
Forward reaction,
Hydration,
Hydration shell,
Hydrogen,
Hydrogen bond,
Hydrogen ion,
Hydrophilic,
Hydrophobic,
Hydrophobic exclusion,
Hydronium ion,
Inorganic compound,
Insoluble,
Ion,
Ionic bond,
Ionization,
Isomer,
Moiety,
Molecular oxygen,
Molecule,
Monomer,
Neutral pH,
Nitrogen,
Nonpolar covalent bond,
Nonpolar substance,
• Organic chemistry •,
Osmosis,
Oxidation,
Oxidizing agent,
Oxygen,
Periodic table of elements,
pH,
pH buffer,
Polar covalent bond,
Polar solvent,
Polar substance,
Polymer,
Product,
Rate constant,
Rate-limiting step,
Redox,
Reducing agent,
Salt,
Single bond,
Reactant,
Reverse reaction,
Reversible reaction,
Salt,
Solute,
Solvent,
Steady state,
Stoichiometry,
Subunit,
Sulfur,
Synthesis (chemical),
Synthesis reaction,
Transition state,
Triple bond,
Up a concentration gradient,
Valence electrons,
Water,
Weak bonds,
Return to top…
• Organic Chemistry
Alcohol,
Aldehyde,
Amino group,
Carbonyl group,
Carboxyl group,
Enantiomer,
Ethanol,
Functional group,
Geometric isomer,
Hydrocarbon,
Hydrophilic functional groups,
Hydroxyl group,
Ketone,
Methanol,
Organic,
Organic chemistry,
Organic compound,
Phosphate group,
Reduced organic compound,
Structural isomer,
Sulfhydryl group,
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Biology
Alive,
Biochemistry,
Bioenergetics,
Biogenesis,
Biology,
Biotechnology,
Body,
Cell biology,
Cohort,
Descendant,
Disinfection,
Ecology,
Evolution,
Expression vector,
Fertilization,
Generation,
Genetics,
Growth,
Immunology
Infectious disease,
Lactoferrin,
Life,
Life's diversity,
Living,
Living thing,
Macroorganism,
Membrane,
Microbiology,
Morphology,
Nature,
Offspring,
Organism,
Parent,
Physiology,
Progeny,
Proximate causation,
Reductionism,
Replication,
Reproduction,
Spontaneous generation,
Synthesis,
Taxonomy,
Ultimate causation,
Zygote,
See also
(Online Biology Book and Glossary)
Various biological categories (click on term to visit category):
‣Biochemistry
•Carbohydrates
•Lipids
•Lipid bilayers
•Proteins
•Enzymes
•Nucleic acids
‣Bioenergetics
‣Biotechnology
‣Cell biology
•Eukaryotic cell (predominantly)
•Cell-to-cell communication (eukaryotic)
•Cell division (predominantly eukaryotic)
•Prokaryotic cell (predominantly)
‣Developmental Biology
‣Physiology
‣Anatomy
‣Genetics
•Mendelian genetics
•Cytogenetics
•Evolutionary genetics
•Molecular genetics
•Microbial genetics
‣Ecology
•Behavioral ecology
•Community ecology
•Ecosytem ecology
•Organismal ecology
•Population ecology
‣Evolutionary biology
‣Taxonomy
‣Life's diversity
•Protists
•Fungi
•Plants
•Animals
‣Paleontology
‣Microbiology
•Virology
•Microorganisms
•Disease principles
•Infectious diseases
•Etiologies
•Microbial techniques
•Microscopy
•Disinfection
•Microbial pharmacology
‣Immunology
See also
Biology major,
Doing well in biology class,
Return to top…
Biochemistry
ADP,
Anabolism,
ATP,
ATP hydrolysis,
Bioactive,
Biochemistry,
Bioenergetics,
Biomolecule,
Biosynthesis,
• Carbohydrate •,
Catabolism,
Cotransport,
Deamination,
Dehydration synthesis,
Dehydrogenation,
DNA damage,
Energy coupling,
• Enzyme •,
Essential elements,
Hydrolysis,
Inorganic phosphate,
Ligand,
Lignin,
• Lipid •,
• Lipid bilayer •,
Macromolecule,
Metabolism,
Metabolic pathway,
Molecular biology,
NAD+,
NADH,
NADP+,
NADPH,
• Nucleic acid •,
Nutrient,
Pi,
• Protein •,
RNA,
Saturation,
See also
(Wikibooks, Structural Biochemistry),
Return to top…
• Carbohydrates
Aldose,
Amylopectin,
Amylose,
Carbohydrate,
Cellulose,
Chitin,
Core polysaccharide,
Deoxyribose,
Disaccharide,
Glycerol,
Glucose,
Glycogen,
Glycolipid,
Glycoprotein,
Glycosidic linkage,
Hexose,
Ketose,
Lactose,
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS),
Maltose,
O polysaccharide,
Monosaccharide,
Oligosaccharide,
Pentose,
Polysaccharide,
Proteoglycan,
Ribose,
Ring form,
Starch,
Sugar,
Triose,
Return to top…
• Lipids
Cholesterol,
Fat,
Fatty acid,
Glycerol,
Glycolipid,
Lipid,
Lipid A,
Lipid bilayer,
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS),
Mycolic acid,
Oil,
Phospholipid,
Saturated fatty acid,
Steroid,
Triglyceride,
Unsaturated fatty acid,
See also
(Cyberlipid Center: Your Web Site for Fats and Oils),
Return to top…
• Lipid bilayers
Active transport,
Cholesterol,
Electrochemical gradient,
Facilitated diffusion acid,
Flip-flopping,
Integral membrane protein,
Lipid bilayer,
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS),
Membrane potential,
Membrane protein,
Passive diffusion,
Passive transport,
Phospholipid,
Peripheral membrane protein,
Proton pump,
Selective permeability,
Transmembrane protein,
Transport protein,
Return to top…
• Proteins
Alpha helix,
Amino acid,
Apoenzyme,
Beta pleated sheet,
Colloid,
Deamination,
Denaturation,
Disulfide bridge,
Enzyme,
Globular protein,
Glycine,
Glycoprotein,
Holoenzyme,
Integral membrane protein,
Ion channel receptor,
Membrane protein,
Methionine,
Peptide bond,
Peripheral membrane protein,
Polypeptide,
Polypeptide backbone,
Post-translational modification,
Protein,
Protein activation,
Protein folding,
Protein primary structure,
Protein secondary structure,
Protein tertiary structure,
Protein quaternary structure,
Proteoglycan,
Receptor protein,
R group,
Salt Bridge,
Secreted protein,
Signal sequence,
Sodium-potassium pump,
Transmembrane protein,
Transport protein,
The following are examples of different types of proteins (see also enzymes, below):
Actin,
cAMP receptor protein,
Catabolite gene activator protein,
Collagen,
G protein-linked receptor,
Histones,
Insulin,
Perforin,
Tubulin,
Tyrosine kinase receptor,
Return to top…
• Enzymes
Active site,
Allosteric inhibition,
Apoenzyme,
Coenzyme,
Cofactor,
Competitive inhibition,
Cooperativity,
Digestive enzyme,
Ecology,
Enzyme,
Enzyme activator,
Enzyme activity,
Enzyme inhibitor,
Enzyme saturation,
Enzyme specificity,
Enzyme-substrate complex,
Feedback inhibition,
Holoenzyme,
Induced fit,
Integrase inhibitor,
Lumen (endomembrane),
Metabolic pathway,
Product,
Protease inhibitor,
Protein,
Protein activation,
Reaction rate,
Ribozyme,
Saturation,
Sodium-potassium pump,
Substrate,
Turnover rate,
The following are examples of different types of enzymes:
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase,
ATP synthase,
Beta lactamase,
Coagulase,
Dehydrogenase,
DNA ligase,
DNA polymerase,
Helicase,
Lysozyme,
Protein kinase,
Primase,
Protein Phosphatase,
Restriction endonuclease,
Reverse transcriptase,
RNA polymerase,
Telomerase,
Tyrosine kinase receptor,
Return to top…
• Nucleic acids
Adenine,
ADP,
ATP,
Base pair,
Base pairing,
Base substitution,
Cyclic AMP,
Cytosine,
Deoxyribose,
Denaturation,
DNA,
Double helix,
Genetics,
Genome,
Genotype,
Guanine,
Hereditary material,
Mutation,
NAD+,
Nitrogenous base,
Nucleic acid,
Nucleoside,
Nucleoside analog,
Nucleotide,
Phosphodiester linkage,
Polynucleic acid,
Purine,
Pyrimidine,
Recombinant DNA,
Recombination,
Replication,
Ribose,
Ribozyme,
RNA,
Thymine,
Uracil,
Return to top…
Bioenergetics
Aerobic respiration,
ADP,
Anaerobic respiration,
ATP,
ATP synthase,
Bioenergetics,
Calvin cycle,
Carbon fixation,
Cellular respiration,
Chemiosmosis,
Chemotroph,
Chlorophyll,
Cyclic electron flow,
Dark reaction (of photosynthesis),
Deamination,
Electrochemical gradient,
Electron transport chain,
Energy coupling,
FAD,
FADH2,
Fermentation,
Final electron acceptor,
Generation of proton motive force,
Glucose oxidation,
Glycolysis,
Glycolysis (stoichiometry),
Krebs cycle,
Light reaction (of photosynthesis),
Membrane potential,
Metabolic water,
Mitochondria,
NAD+,
NAD regeneration,
NADH,
Noncyclic electron flow,
Oxidation of water,
Oxidative phosphorylation,
Oxidizing agent,
Photophosphorylation,
Photosynthesis,
Photosynthesis (overall reaction),
Photosystems,
Photosystem I,
Photosystem II,
Phototroph,
Primary electron acceptor,
Proton motive force,
Proton pump,
Pyruvate oxidation,
Reaction center,
Redox,
Reducing agent,
Reduction of oxygen,
Substrate-level phosphorylation,
Z scheme,
Return to top…
Cell biology
Cell,
Cell biology,
Cell culture,
• Cell division •,
Cell membrane,
• Cell-to-cell communication •,
Cell wall,
Cellular organism,
Chromosome,
Compartmentalization,
Cristae,
Cytoplasm,
Cytosol,
• Eukaryotic cell •,
Fluid mosaic model,
Glycocalyx,
Granum,
Membrane-bound organelle,
Organelle,
Phagolysosome,
Plasma membrane,
• Prokaryotic cell •,
Ribosome,
Signal sequence,
Surface-to-volume ratio,
Thylakoid,
Turgidity,
Vacuole,
Return to top…
• Eukaryotic cell (predominantly)
Apoptosis,
Cell cycle,
Cell nucleus,
Cell-to-cell communication,
Cellular differentiation,
Centriole,
Centrosome,
Chloroplast,
Chromatin,
Cilia,
Cis face (of Golgi apparatus),
Continuous cell line,
Cisternae,
Cytoskeleton,
Desmosome,
Diploid cell line,
Endocytosis,
Endomembrane system,
Endoplasmic reticulum,
Eukaryote,
Exocytosis,
Extracellular matrix,
Eukaryotic cell,
Flaccidity (cell biology),
Flagella (Eukaryotic),
Food vacuole,
G0,
G1,
G2,
Gap junction,
Gap phase,
Golgi apparatus,
Intermediate filament,
Intermembrane space,
Interphase,
Lysosome,
Microfilament,
Microtubule,
Mitochondria,
Nucleolus,
Nuclear membrane,
Nucleus,
Nucleosome,
Phagosome,
Pinocytosis,
Primary cell line,
Pseudopodia,
Receptor-mediated endocytosis,
Rough endoplasmic reticulum,
S phase,
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum,
Sodium-potassium pump,
Spindle fibers,
Stroma,
Tight junction,
Tissue culture,
Trans face (of Golgi apparatus),
Transport vesicle,
Vesicle,
Return to top…
• Cell-to-cell communication (eukaryotic)
Cell-to-cell communication,
Chemical signaling,
Cyclic AMP,
G protein-linked receptor,
Hormone,
Ion channel receptor,
Local regulation,
Paracrine signaling,
Protein kinase,
Receptor protein,
Second messenger,
Signal reception,
Signal transduction,
Signal transduction pathway,
Tyrosine kinase receptor,
Return to top…
• Cell division (predominantly eukaryotic)
Anaphase,
Anaphase I,
Aster,
Bacterial chromosome,
Binary fission,
Cell cycle,
Cell division,
Centromere,
Chromatin,
Chromosome,
Cleavage furrow,
Cytokinesis,
Daughter cell,
Extrachromosomal DNA,
G0,
G1,
G2,
Gap phase,
Interphase,
Kinetochore,
Kinetochore microtubule,
M phase,
Meiosis,
Metaphase,
Metaphase I,
Metaphase_plate,
Mitosis,
Mitotic spindle,
nonkinetochore microtubule,
Prophase,
Prophase I,
Prometaphase,
Recombination,
Replication,
S phase,
Septum (cytoplasmic),
Sister chromatid,
Sister chromatid pair,
Telophase,
Vertical gene transfer,
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• Prokaryotic cell (predominantly)
Acid fast,
Amphitrichous,
Arrangement (cellular),
Atrichous,
Axial filament,
Bacillus (morphology),
Binary fission,
Capsule,
Cell envelope,
Coccus,
Conjugation (sex) pili,
Diplococcus,
Endoflagella,
Endospore,
Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS),
Fimbriae (fimbria),
Flagella (flagellum),
Gram negative,
Gram-positive cell wall,
H antigen,
Inner membrane,
Inclusion,
Lophotrichous,
Monomorphic (locus),
Monomorphic (morphology),
Monotrichous,
Nucleoid,
Outer membrane,
Peptidoglycan,
Peritrichous,
Pili (pilus),
Pleomorphic,
Polar flagella,
Porin,
Prokaryote,
Prokaryotic cell,
Sarcina (morphology),
Sex pili,
Slime layer,
Spirilla (morphology),
Spirochete,
Staphylococcus (morphology),
Streptococcus (morphology),
Tetrad,
Vibrio (morphology),
Return to top…
Developmental Biology
Amniotic egg,
Animal development,
Archenteron,
Blastopore,
Blastula,
Blastulation,
Canalization,
Cleavage,
Determinate cleavage,
Development,
Ectoderm,
Embryo,
Embryonic development,
Endoderm,
Gamete,
Gastrula,
Gastrulation,
Germ line,
Hometotic genes,
Indeterminate cleavage,
Mesoderm,
Metamorphosis,
Morphogenesis,
Morula,
Morulation,
Organogenesis,
Primary germ layers,
Return to top…
Physiology
Absorptive area,
Amniotic egg,
Associative learning, so
Behavior,
Biochemical test,
Bipedalism,
Cell fate determination,
Cell-to-cell communication,
Chemical signaling,
Cyclic AMP,
Cytolysis,
Cytoplasmic determinants,
Compartmentalization,
Development,
Digestion,
Digestive enzyme,
Ectothermic,
Egg,
Egg (fertilized),
Endothermic,
Ethambutol,
Feedback inhibition,
Female,
Gamete,
Germ line,
Homeostasis,
Hormone,
Imprinting,
Innate behavior,
Keratinized skin,
Learning,
Local regulation,
Male,
Morphogenesis,
Nervous system,
xParacrine signaling,
Pheromones,
Physiology,
Receptor protein,
Saturation,
Sensitive period,
Sex,
Shock,
Sign stimulus,
Signal,
Signal induction,
Sodium-potassium pump,
Soma,
Steroid,
Transpiration,
Viviparous,
See also
(Dynamic Development),
Return to top…
Anatomy
Alimentary canal,
Anterior,
Bilateral symmetry,
Body,
Body plan,
Cloaca,
Dorsal,
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord, Exoskeleton,
Gut,
Head,
Lateral line system,
Lobe fins,
Muscle tissue,
Nervous tissue,
Neural crest,
Notochord, Organ,
Opposable thumb,
Oviparous,
Ovoviparous,
Pharyngeal clefts,
Pharyngeal slits,
Radial symmetry,
Post-anal muscular tail, Posterior,
Skin,
Swim bladder,
Ventral,
Viviparous,
Return to top…
Genetics
Asexual reproduction,
Compensatory (mutation),
Conjugation (eukaryotes),
Control of gene expression in eukaryotes,
• Cytogenetics •,
Cytoplasmic inheritance,
• Evolutionary genetics •,
Gene,
Genetic engineering,
Genetics,
• Mendelian genetics •,
• Microbial genetics •,
• Molecular genetics •,
Nonsynonymous substitution,
Pseudoreversion,
Replication,
Reversion (mutation),
Sex,
Sexual reproduction,
Substitution,
Synonymous substitution,
What is a gene?,
Wild type, x
See also
(Basic Principles of Genetics),
(Glossary of Gene Expression Terms),
(Learn Genetics, University of Utah),
Return to top…
• Mendelian genetics
3:1 ratio,
9:3:3:1 ratio,
Allele,
Character,
Codominance,
Complete dominance,
Cross,
Dihybrid cross,
Diploid,
Dominant,
Epistasis,
F1 Generation,
F2 Generation,
Fertilization,
Frequency of recombination,
Genetic map,
Genetic variation,
Genotype,
Heredity,
Heterozygote,
Homologous allele,
Homozygote,
Homozygous dominant,
Homozygous recessive,
Human autosomal dominant conditions,
Human autosomal recessive conditions,
Inbreeding,
Incomplete dominance,
Linkage,
Locus,
Mating,
Mendelian genetics,
Mendelian ratio,
Monohybrid cross,
Mutation,
P generation,
Parental type,
Pedigree analysis,
Phenotype,
Pleiotropy,
Punnet square,
Recessive,
Recombinant,
Recombination,
Segregation of alleles,
Sex-linked recessive,
Test cross,
Trait,
True breeding,
Zygote,
Return to top…
• Cytogenetics
Allopolyploidy,
Aneuploidy,
Autopolyploidy,
Autosome,
Barr body,
Cell division,
Chromatin,
Chromosomal rearrangements,
Chromosome,
Crossing over,
Diploid,
Dosage compensation,
Down syndrome,
Duplication (chromosomal),
Endosymbiont,
Euchromatin,
Genetic recombination,
Genomic equivalence,
Haploid,
Heterochromatin,
Homologous pairs,
Homologue,
Independent assortment,
Inversion (chromosomal),
Karyotype,
Klinefelter syndrome,
Monosomy,
Nondisjunction,
Polyploidy,
Reciprocal Translocation,
Sex chromosome,
Sex linkage,
Sister chromatid,
Sister chromatid pair,
Synapsis,
Tetrad (chromosomal),
Translocation (chromosomal),
Trisomy,
Turner syndrome,
X chromosome,
Return to top…
• Evolutionary genetics
Absolute fitness,
Allele frequency,
Allele-neutral,
Allopolyploidy,
Artificial selection,
Autopolyploidy,
Behavioral isolation,
Balanced mutation,
Balanced polymorphism,
Base sequence,
Beneficial allele,
Beneficial mutation,
Bottleneck (genetic),
Darwinian fitness,
Deleterious allele,
Detrimental allele,
Detrimental mutation,
Direct (positive) selection,
Disruptive selection,
Fitness,
Fixation,
Gene pool,
Genetic bottlenecking,
Genetic drift,
Genetic variation,
Hard selection,
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,
Hitchhiking (genetic),
Homologous allele,
Horizontal gene transfer,
Hybrid vigor,
Indirect (negative) selection,
Lethal allele,
Migration (genetic),
Mutation,
Natural selection,
Negative selection,
Neutral allele,
Neutral mutation,
Neutral variation,
Orthologous genes,
Selection,
Selective sweep,
Panmixis,
Periodic selection,
Polymorphism,
Stabilizing selection,
Vertical gene transfer,
Return to top…
• Molecular genetics
5' to 3' direction,
5' to 3' polarity,
A site,
Adenine,
Aminoacyl tRNA,
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase,
Anticodon,
Antiparallel,
AUG,
Base pair,
Base pairing,
Base sequence,
Base substitution,
cAMP receptor protein,
Catabolite gene activator protein,
Catabolite repression,
Central dogma,
Chargaff's Rule,
Clone,
Codon,
Conjugation,
Conjugative plasmid,
Constitutive expression,
Corepressed operon,
Corepressor,
Cytosine,
Deletion,
DNA,
DNA base composition,
DNA ligase,
DNA polymerase,
DNA replication,
E site,
Elongation (molecular genetics),
Enhancer,
Exon,
Extrachromosomal DNA,
Frameshift mutation,
Generalized transduction,
Gene,
Gene expression,
Genetic code,
Genome,
Genomics,
Guanine,
Gene therapy,
Helicase,
Hereditary material,
Inducer,
Inducible operon,
Induction (bacteriophage),
Induction (genetic),
Insertion,
Intron,
Isogenic,
Lac operon,
Lack of ambiguity in the genetic code,
Lack of punctuation between codons,
Lagging strand,
Leading strand,
Messenger RNA,
Messenger RNA processing,
Microbial genetics,
Missense mutation,
Molecular genetics,
Molecular recombination,
mRNA,
mRNA degradation,
Mutagen,
Mutation rate,
Negative control of gene expression,
Nitrogenous base,
Nonsense codon,
Nonsense mutation,
Nucleoside,
Nucleoside analog,
Nucleotide,
Okazaki fragments,
One gene, one enzyme,
Operator,
Operon,
Origin of replication,
P site,
Plasmid,
Point mutation,
Positive control of energy metabolism,
Positive control of gene expression,
Primase,
Promoter,
Proofreading,
Purine,
Pyrimidine,
Reading frame,
Recognition sequence,
Recombinant DNA,
Redundancy of the genetic code,
Regulatory gene,
Replication,
Replication fork,
Repression,
Repressor,
Ribosomal RNA,
RNA,
RNA polymerase,
RNA priming,
rRNA,
Segregation of transcription and translation,
Semiconservative replication,
Sense codon,
Sequence,
Silent mutation,
Single-strand binding protein,
Spliceosome,
Spontaneous mutation,
Start codon,
Stop codon,
Strand complementarity,
Structural gene,
Telomerase,
Telomere,
Template strand,
Termination (molecular genetics),
Terminator,
Thymine,
Transcription,
Transcription factor,
Transcription initiation,
Transcriptional regulation,
Transduction,
Transfer RNA,
Transformation (genetic),
Translation,
Translation elongation,
Translation initiation,
Translation termination,
Transposon,
Triplet code,
tRNA,
Trp operon,
Uracil,
Wobble,
Return to top…
• Microbial genetics
Ames test,
Asexual reproduction,
Auxotroph,
Bacterial chromosome,
Bacterial sex,
Catabolite repression,
Competence (genetic),
Conjugation,
Conjugative plasmid,
Constitutive expression,
Corepressor,
Direct (positive) selection,
Donor cell,
Endosymbiont,
Extrachromosomal DNA,
Generalized transduction,
Indirect (negative) selection,
Inducer,
Induction (bacteriophage),
Induction (genetic),
Isogenic,
Microbial genetics,
Molecular genetics,
Nucleoside analog,
Operator,
Operon,
Plasmid,
Promoter,
Recipient cell,
Recombinant DNA,
Replica plating,
Repression,
Repressor,
Resistance plasmid,
Terminator,
Transduction,
Transformation (genetic),
Transposon,
Return to top…
Ecology
Aquatic biomes,
• Behavioral ecology,
Biological augmentation,
Biome,
Biosphere,
Climate,
• Community ecology,
Dispersal,
Distribution,
Disturbance,
Ecology,
• Ecosystem ecology,
Environment,
Evapotranspiration,
Landscape ecology,
Microbial ecology,
Microclimate,
Niche,
• Organismal ecology,
Parapatric,
Population biology,
• Population ecology,
Restoration ecology,
Terrestrial biomes,
Return to top…
• Organismal Ecology
Abiotic,
Aerobe,
Asexual reproduction,
Anaerobe,
Autotroph,
Biotic,
Carbon source,
Chemoheterotroph,
Chemotroph,
Clutch size,
Endosymbiosis,
Energy source,
Free living,
Heterotroph,
Host range,
Iteroparity,
Life cycle,
Life history,
Life table,
Limiting nutrient,
Organismal ecology,
Photoautotroph,
Phototroph,
Principle of allocation,
Semelparity,
Sessile,
Return to top…
• Behavioral Ecology
Behavior,
Behavioral ecology,
Chemotaxis (general),
Cognition,
Communication,
Fixed-action pattern,
Game theory,
Imprinting,
Innate behavior,
Kinesis,
Klinokinesis,
Learning,
Mating systems,
Migration (behavior),
Mixotroph,
Monogamous,
Optimal foraging model,
Orthokinesis,
Pheromones,
Phototaxis,
Polygamous,
Promiscuous,
Proximate causation,
Sexual reproduction,
Taxis,
Thigmokinesis,
Ultimate causation,
Sensitive period,
Sign stimulus,
Signal,
Return to top…
• Population Ecology
Asexual reproduction,
Biotic,
Births,
Bottom-up control,
Carrying capacity,
Clumped dispersion,
Clutch size,
Conspecific,
Deaths,
Demography,
density dependent,
density independent,
Per capita rate of increase,
Density,
Dispersion,
Emigration,
Endemic (species),
Exponential growth,
Immigration,
Iteroparity,
Life history,
Life table,
Limiting nutrient,
Logistic growth,
Metapopulation,
Patterns of dispersion,
Population,
Population dynamics,
Population ecology,
Random dispersion,
Range,
Reproductive table,
Reproductive rates,
Semelparity,
Sexual reproduction,
Social learning,
Survivorship curve,
Syngamy,
Territoriality,
Territory,
Uniform dispersion,
Zero population growth,
Return to top…
• Community Ecology
Aposematic coloration,
Batesian mimicry,
Biotic,
Bottom-up control,
Character displacement,
Chemoheterotroph,
Climax species,
Climax community,
Commensalism,
Community,
Ecosystem ecology,
Competitive exclusion,
Cryptic coloration,
Decomposer,
Dynamic stability hypothesis,
Ecological succession,
Ecosystem engineers,
Ectoparasites,
Endoparasites,
Endosymbiosis,
Energetic hypothesis,
Exploiter,
Exploitative competition,
Facilitation (ecological),
Food web,
Herbivory,
Heterotroph,
Host,
Host range,
Interspecific competition,
Interspecific interactions,
Keystone species,
Metagenomics,
Müllerian mimicry,
Mutualism,
Parasite,
Predator,
Prey,
Primary consumers,
Primary producers,
Primary succession,
Producer,
Resource partitioning,
Saprophyte,
Secondary consumers,
Secondary succession,
Species diversity,
Symbiont,
Symbiosis,
Tertiary consumers,
Trophic structure,
Return to top…
• Ecosystem Ecology
Abiotic,
Autotroph,
Biogeochemical cycle,
Biomass,
Carbon cycle,
Carbon source,
Chemical cycling,
Detritus,
Detrivores,
Ecosystem,
Ecosystem ecology,
Energy flow,
Energy source,
Eutrophic,
Eutrophication,
Gross primary production, productivity
Gross primary productivity,
Limiting nutrient,
Mineralization,
Net ecosystem production,
Net primary production,
Net primary productivity,
Nitrogen cycle,
Nitrogen fixation,
Phosphorus cycle,
Primary consumers,
Primary producers,
Primary production,
Primary productivity,
Production efficiency,
Pyramid of productivity,
Secondary consumers,
Secondary production,
Secondary productivity,
Standing crop biomass,
Tertiary consumers,
Trophic efficiency,
Trophic interactions,
Turnover time,
xWater cycle,
Return to top…
Evolutionary Biology
Absolute fitness,
Adaptability,
Adaptation,
Adaptive landscape,
Adaptive radiation,
Adaptive zone,
Allele,
Allele frequency,
Allele-neutral,
Allopatric speciation,
Anagenesis,
Analogy,
Ancestor,
Ancestor species,
Antagonistic pleiotropy,
Altering gene number,
Artificial selection,
Assortative mating,
Average heterozygosity,
Balanced mutation,
Balanced polymorphism,
Balancing selection,
Biased reproductive success,
Biological species concept,
Biogeography,
Bottleneck (genetic),
Breakdown of reproductive barriers,
Cladogenesis,
Clonal expansion,
Clonal interference,
Coefficient of relatedness,
Common ancestor,
Convergent evolution,
Differential success,
Darwinian evolution,
Darwinian fitness,
Darwinism,
Deleterious allele,
Derived,
Descendant species,
Descent with modification,
Detrimental allele,
Directional selection,
Disruptive selection,
Disruptive frequency-dependent selection,
Divergent evolution,
Diversifying selection,
Ecological species concept,
Endosymbiotic theory,
Evolution,
Evolutionary biology,
Evolutionary compromise,
Evolutionary divergence,
Evolutionary ecology,
Evolution,
Existing variation,
Extant,
Fit,
Fitness,
Fixation,
Founder effect,
Frequency-dependent selection,
Gametic isolation,
Gene flow,
Gene pool,
Genetic bottlenecking,
Genetic drift,
Genetic drift: impact of population size,
Genetic drift: impact on allele frequency,
Genetic drift: impact on genetic variation,
Genetic drift: impact on allele fixation,
Genetic variation,
Genetic structure,
Genotype frequency,
Geographic variation,
Geographical barrier,
Geographical isolation,
Habitat isolation,
Hard selection,
Hamilton's rule,
Hardy-Weinberg assumption # 1,
Hardy-Weinberg assumption # 2,
Hardy-Weinberg assumption # 3,
Hardy-Weinberg assumption # 4,
Hardy-Weinberg assumption # 5,
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,
Hardy-Weinberg theorem,
Heterochrony,
Heterozygous advantage,
Hidden genetic variation,
Hitchhiking (genetic),
Homologous structure,
Homology,
Homoplasy,
Horizontal gene transfer,
Hybrid,
Hybrid breakdown,
Hybrid vigor,
Hybrid zone,
Hybridization,
Identical by descent,
Inclusive fitness,
Intersexual selection,
Intrasexual selection,
Introgression,
K selection,
Kin selection,
Lineage,
Macroevolution,
Mate choice,
Mechanical isolation,
Microevolution,
Migration (genetic),
Modern synthesis,
Molecular evolution,
Molecular homology,
Monomorphic (locus),
Morphological homology,
Morphological species concept,
Mosaic evolution,
Muller's ratchet,
Mutation,
Natural selection,
Negative selection,
Neutral allele,
Neutral theory,
Neutral variation,
New alleles,
Non-Darwinian evolution,
Nonrandom mating,
Orthologous genes,
Paedomorphosis,
Panmixis,
Paralogous genes,
Parapatric speciation,
Peripatric speciation,
Peripheral isolates,
Periodic selection,
Phyletic gradualism,
Phylogenetic species concept,
Pluralistic species concept,
Polymorphism,
Population biology,
Population genetics,
Postzygotic barrier,
Prezygotic barrier,
Punctuated equilibrium,
r selection,
Random mating,
Rapid reproduction,
Reinforcement,
Relative,
Relative fitness,
Reproductive barriers,
Reproductive isolating mechanism,
Reproductive isolation,
Reduced hybrid fertility,
Reduced hybrid viability,
Secondary endosymbiosis,
Selection,
Selection for reproductive isolation,
Selective sweep,
Serial endosymbiosis,
Sexual selection,
Shared ancestral character,
Shared character,
Shared derived character,
Soft selection,
Speciation,
Species concepts,
Species selection,
Stabilizing frequency-dependent selection,
Stabilizing selection,
Sympatric speciation,
Temporal isolation,
Tradeoffs,
Ultimate causation,
Universal tree,
Vertical gene transfer,
Vestigial structure,
See also
(Evolution: A-Z Browser),
Return to top…
Taxonomy
Secondary endosymbiosis,
Binomial nomenclature,
Biovar (Biotype),
Branch point,
Clade,
Cladogram,
Class,
Clone,
Dichotomous key,
DNA chip,
Domain,
Domain Bacteria,
Domain Eukarya,
Eukaryotic species,
Evolutionary tree,
Family,
Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH),
Genus,
Growth optimum,
Hierarchical classification,
Kingdom,
L form,
Maximum likelihood,
Maximum parsimony,
Molecular clock,
Monophyletic,
Nucleic acid hybridization,
Order,
Paraphyletic,
Phage typing,
Phylogenetic tree,
Phylogeny,
Phylum,
Polymerase chain reaction,
Polyphyletic,
Prokaryotic species,
Protist,
Rooted,
serovar(Serotype),
Sister taxa,
Slide agglutination test,
sp.,
Species,
spp.,
Specific epithet,
Strain,
Subspecies,
Systematics,
Taxa (Taxon),
Taxonomy,
Universal tree,
Western blot,
Return to top…
Life's diversity
Acoelomate,
Alternation of generations,
Amphibian,
Binomial,
Biofilm,
Blades,
Chemoheterotroph,
Clonal organism,
Colony,
Definitive host,
Dimorphism,
Domain Archaea,
Eukaryote,
Gametangia,
Gametophyte,
Germline,
Heteromorphic,
Holdfast,
Intermediate host,
Isomorphic,
Kingdom Plantae,
Kingdom Protista,
Macroorganism,
Microorganism,
Multicellular,
Photoautotroph,
Prokaryote,
Sporangia,
Spore,
Sporophyte,
Stipe,
Thallus,
Tissue,
Zoospore,
See also
(Anatomy of Animals),
Return to top…
Protists
Algae,
Alternation of generations,
Alveolata,
Amoebas,
Apicomplexans,
Arachnids,
Archosaur,
Asteroidea,
Blades,
Book lungs,
Brown algae,
Cellular slime molds,
Chelicerae,
Chelicerates,
Ciliates,
Crocodiles,
Diapsids,
Diatoms,
Dinoflagellates,
Diplomonads,
Ecdysozoa,
Euglenids,
Foot (mollusk),
Foraminiferans,
Gametangia,
Gametophyte,
Gastropods,
Golden algae,
Green algae,
Heteromorphic,
Holdfast,
Isomorphic,
Kinetoplastids,
Kingdom Protista,
Mammals,
Mantle,
Mantle cavity,
Oligochaetes,
Parabasalids,
Plasmodial slime molds,
Plasmodium (structure),
Polychaetes,
Radiolarians,
Radula,
Red algae,
Reptile,
Rhizaria,
Sporangia,
Sporophyte,
Stipe,
Stramenopiles,
Tests,
Thallus,
Theropods,
Tube feet,
Visceral mass,
Water vascular system,
Return to top…
Fungi
Asci,
Ascocarp,
Ascomycetes,
Asexual spore,
Basidiocarps,
Basidiomycete,
Basidium,
Chemoheterotroph,
Chytrids,
Coenocytic hyphae,
Conidia (Conidiospore, Conidium),
Deuteromycetes,
Dikaryotic,
Dimorphic fungi,
Dimorphism,
Endophyte,
Fission yeast,
Fleshy fungi,
Fungi,
Gametangia,
Glomeromycetes,
Haustoria,
Heterokaryon,
Karyogamy,
Kingdom Fungi,
Lichen,
xMacrofungi,
Mold,
Mycelia,
Mycology,
Mycorrhizae,
Plasmogamy,
Septate hyphae,
Sexual spore,
Soredia,
Sporangia,
Spore,
Stipe,
Thallus,
Zygomycetes,
Zygosporangium,
Return to top…
Plants
Alternation of generations,
Angiosperm,
Anther,
Antheridia,
Archegonia,
Blades,
Bryophytes,
Calamites,
Carpel,
Citrus,
Conifer,
Cotyledons,
Dicot,
Dimorphism,
Double fertilization,
Embryophyte,
endosperm,
Fern,
Filament (flower),
Flower,
Fruit,
Gametangia,
Gametophyte,
Grapes,
Gymnosperms,
Heteromorphic,
Heterosporous,
Homosporous,
Integument (seed),
Kingdom Plantae,
Land plant,
Leaves,
Lepidodendron,
Lignin,
Lycophytes,
Megaspore,
Micropyle (ovule),
Microspore,
Monocot,
Moss,
Oldest fossils of flowering plants,
Ovary (flower),
Ovule,
Petal,
Phloem,
Photoautotroph,
Phylum Coniferophyta,
Pineapple,
Plant,
Pollen,
Pollen grain,
Pollination,
Prickly pear,
Protonema,
Pterophytes,
Roots,
Seed,
Seedless vascular plants,
Sepal,
Sigillaria,
Sori,
Spore,
Sporophyte,
Sporopollenin,
Stamen,
Starfruit,
Stigma (flower),
Stipe,
Stomata,
Strawberries,
Style (flower),
Tracheids,
Tree,
Vascular plants,
Vascular tissue,
Xylem,
Return to top…
Animals
Acoelomate,
Actinopterygii,
Adult,
Amoebocytes (sponge),
Animal,
Anthropoids,
Anthozoan,
Bilateria,
Birds,
Bivalves,
Body cavity,
Amniotes,
Cephalopods,
Cestode,
Chemoheterotroph,
Choanocytes,
Chondrichthyans,
Chondrichthyes,
Chordates,
Chordate characteristic 1,
Chordate characteristic 2,
Chordate characteristic 3,
Chordate characteristic 4,
Class Amphibia,
Class Hydrozoa,
Class Mammalia,
Class Reptilia,
Cnidocyte,
Coelom,
Coelomates,
Complete metamorphosis,
Conodonts,
Copepods,
Craniates,
Crustaceans,
Decapods,
Deuterostomes,
Diploblastic,
Early Homo,
Ectoderm,
Endoderm,
Eumetazoan,
Family Hominidae,
Filter feeder,
Fish,
Fishapod,
Flatworms,
Fluke,
Gastrovascular cavity,
Genus Homo,
Gnathostomes,
Hagfish,
Great apes,
Helminth,
Hermaphrodite,
Holdfast,
Homo sapiens,
Humans,
Hydrozoan,
Hymenoptera,
Incomplete metamorphosis,
Insects,
Isopods,
Invertebrate,
Kingdom Animalia,
Lamprey,
Lancelets,
Larva,
Lepidoptera,
Lobe-finned fish,
Mandibles,
Marsupial,
Medusa,
Mesoderm,
Mesohyl,
Mollusks,
Monotreme,
Myriapods,
Myxini,
Neanderthals,
Open circulatory system,
Order Primates,
Osculum,
Osteichthyans,
Ovoviporous,
Parazoan,
Parthenogenesis,
Phylum Annelida,
Phylum Arthropoda,
Phylum Chordata,
Phylum Cnidaria,
Phylum Echinodermata,
Phylum Mollusca,
Phylum Nematoda,
Phylum Platyhelminthes,
Phylum Porifera,
Phylum rotifera,
Placental mammals,
Planarians,
Polyp,
Primates,
Protostomes,
Pseudocoelomate,
Radiata,
Ray-finned fish,
Roundworms,
Scyphozoan,
Segmented worms,
Sexual dimorphism,
Sponges,
spongocoel,
Subphylum Hexopoda,
Subphylum Vertebrata,
Suspension feeder,
Tagma,
Tapeworm,
Teat,
Tetrapod,
Trematode,
Triploblastic,
Tunicates,
Vector (of parasites),
Vertebrates,
Return to top…
Paleontology
Abiogenesis,
Absolute dating,
Archaean,
Cambrian explosion,
Catastrophism,
Cenozoic,
Cretaceous mass extinction,
Dating fossils,
Fossil record,
Fossilization,
Fossils,
Genus Ardipithecus,
Genus Australopithecus,
Geologic record,
Half life,
Massive diversification of animal phyla,
Mesozoic,
Oldest fossil cells,
Oldest fossil eukaryotes,
Oldest fossil reptiles,
Oldest fossil tetrapods,
Oldest fossils of flowering plants,
Oxygen revolution,
Paleontology,
Paleozoic,
Pangaea,
Permian mass extinction,
Phanerozoic,
Proterozoic,
Protocell,
Radiometric dating,
Relative dating,
Strata,
Stromatolite,
Uniformitarianism,
Return to top…
Microbiology
Acidophile,
Aerobe,
Aerobic,
Aerotolerant anaerobe,
Alcohol fermentation,
Algae,
Amphibiosis,
Anaerobe,
Anaerobic,
Antimicrobial,
Aseptic technique,
Bacteria,
Bacterial growth,
Bactericidal,
Bacteriocin,
Biofilm,
Bioremediation,
Budding yeast,
Capnophile,
Chemoautotroph,
Clone,
Clonal expansion,
Colony,
Culture (microbiology),
Death phase,
Disinfection,
Endospore,
Epidemiology,
Exotoxin,
Exponential growth,
Extreme halophile,
Extremophiles,
Facultative anaerobe,
Facultative halophile,
Fermentation,
Generation time,
Germ Theory of Disease,
Germination,
Gliding motility,
Helminth,
Heterocyst,
Heterolactic,
Hyperthermophile,
Hyphae,
IgA protease,
Infectious disease,
Lag phase,
Log phase,
Logarithmic decline phase,
M protein,
Medical microbiology,
Mesophile,
Microaerophile,
Microbe,
Microbial ecology,
Microbial genetics,
Microbiology,
Microbiome,
Microorganism,
Microbial pharmacology,
Microbial techniques,
Microscopy,
Molecular microbiology,
Motility,
Mycelia,
Normal flora,
Normal microbiota,
Obligate aerobe,
Obligate anaerobe,
Obligate halophile,
Obligatory intracellular parasite,
Opportunistic pathogen,
Organic growth factor,
Osmotic lysis,
Parasite,
Parasitology,
Pathogen,
Pathogenic,
Pathogenesis,
Photoheterotroph,
Plasmolysis,
Prions,
Prokaryote,
Protoplast,
Protozoa,
Pseudohyphae,
Psychrophile,
Psychrotroph,
Quorum sensing,
Restriction endonuclease,
Sepsis (general term),
Siderophore,
Specialized transduction,
Spheroplast,
Spore,
Sporulation,
Stationary phase,
Sterile,
Thermophile,
Transient microbiota,
Turbidity,
Twitching motility,
Virology,
Virulence,
Yeast,
Exotoxins:
Botulinum toxin,
A-B toxin,
Coagulase,
Collagenase,
Erythrogenic toxin,
Exotoxin,
Hyaluronidase,
Leukocidins,
Staphylococcal enerotoxin,
Superantigen,
Tetanus toxin,
Vibrio enterotoxin,
See also
(Microbugz, pictures, information, protocols…),
(Microbiological Media Images),
Return to top…
• Virology
Adsorption,
Antisense (-) strand,
Attachment (viral),
Bacteriophage,
Biosynthesis (viral),
Budding,
Capsid,
Capsomeres,
Complex virus,
cytopathic effects,
Embryonated egg,
Envelope,
Enveloped virus,
Fusion (virus),
Helical virus,
Latent infection,
Lysogenic conversion,
Lysogenic cycle,
Lysogeny,
Lytic cycle,
Maturation (viral),
Nonenveloped virus,
Nucleocapsid,
Obligatory intracellular parasite,
One- (single-) step growth curve,
Penetration (viral),
Pinocytosis (virus),
Plaque-forming unit,
Plaque,
Plasma viral load,
Polyhedral virus,
Prions,
Prophage,
Provirus,
Release (viral),
Restriction endonuclease,
Retrovirus,
Reverse transcriptase,
Sense (+) strand,
Specialized transduction,
Spike (viral),
Temperate (virology),
Uncoating (virus),
Viral species,
Virion,
Viroid,
Virology,
Virus,
Virus-caused diseases,
Virus genomes,
See also
(Bacteriophage Ecology Group, International Society for Viruses of Microorganisms, and ViralZone)
Return to top…
• Microorganisms
Acid fast,
Acinetobacter,
Algae,
Bacillus,
Bacteria,
Bacteriophage,
Bacteroides,
Bdellovibrio,
Beta-hemolytic streptococci,
Bordetella,
Borrelia,
Burkholderia,
Campylobacter,
Candida,
Candida albicans,
Chlamydia,
Clostridium,
Clostridium botulinum,
Clostridium difficile,
Clostridium perfringens,
Clostridium tetani,
Coliforms,
Corynebacterium,
Cyanobacteria,
Enterics,
Enterobacter,
Enterococcus,
Escherichia,
Family Enterobacteriaceae,
Fusobacterium,
Gardnerella,
Giardia,
Green bacteria,
Green nonsulfur bacteria,
Haemophilus,
Helicobacter,
Klebsiella,
Lactobacillus,
Legionella,
Leptospira,
Listeria,
Microorganism,
Moraxella,
Mold,
Mycobacterium,
Mycoplasma,
Neisseria,
Non-beta-hemolytic streptococci,
Pasteurella,
Plasmodium,
Prokaryote,
Propionibacterium,
Proteobacteria,
Proteus,
Pseudomonas,
Purple bacteria,
Purple nonsulfur bacteria,
Rhizobia,
Rickettsia,
Saccharomyces,
Salmonella,
Serratia,
Shigella,
Staphylococcus,
Streptococcus,
Streptomyces,
Treponema,
Trichomonas,
Trichomonas vaginalis,
Vibrio,
Virus,
Yeast,
Yersinia,
(Bacteriophage terms),
Return to top…
• Disease principles
Acute disease,
Adherence (adhesion),
antibiotic-associated superinfection,
Antigenic variation,
Bacteremia,
Biological transmission,
Carriers,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),
Chain of transmission,
Chronic disease,
Chronic infection,
Colitis,
Commensalism,
Communicable disease,
Compromised host,
Contact transmission,
Contagious disease,
Direct contract transmission,
Disease,
Emerging infectious disease (EID),
Endemic,
Endotoxin,
Epidemic,
Epidemiology,
Etiology,
Focal infection,
Fomite, Droplet transmission,
Hemolysin,
Herd immunity,
ID50,
Incidence,
Incubation period,
Indirect contact transmission,
Infection,
Koch's postulates,
Latent disease,
Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay,
Local infection,
Mechanical transmission,
Microbial antagonism (competitive exclusion),
Morbidity rate,
Morbidity,
Mortality rate,
Mortality,
Mutualism,
Noncommunicable disease,
Normal microbiota/flora,
Nosocomial,
Nosocomial infection,
Notifiable infectious diseases,
Opportunistic pathogen,
Pandemic,
Parasitism,
Parenteral route,
Pathogenesis,
Pathology,
Period of convalescence,
Period of decline,
Period of illness,
Portal of entry,
Portal of exit,
Predisposing factor,
Prevalence,
Primary infection,
Prodromal period,
Primary pathogen,
Principles of disease,
Reservoir of infection,
Secondary infection,
Sepsis (within the body),
Septic shock,
Septicemia,
Signs,
Sporadic,
Subacute disease,
Subclinical (inapparent) infection,
Superinfection,
Symbiosis,
Symptoms,
Syndrome,
Systemic (generalized) infection,
Toxemia,
Toxigenicity,
Toxin (bacterial),
Transient microbiota,
Transmission of disease,
Vector of disease,
Vehicle transmission,
Viremia,
Zoonoses,
Return to top…
• Infectious diseases
AIDS,
Algae-caused diseases,
Bacteria-caused diseases,
Cutaneous mycoses,
Emerging infectious diseases,
Fungus-caused diseases,
Helminth-caused diseases,
Infectious disease,
Paralytic shellfish poisoning,
Parasitology,
Prion-caused diseases,
Protozoan-caused diseases,
Subcutaneous mycoses,
Superficial mycoses,
Systemic mycoses,
Virology,
Virus-caused diseases,
Yeast infection,
Return to top…
• Etiologies
Anthrax,
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea,
Atypical pneumonia,
Bacillary dysentery,
Bacterial obligate intracellular parasite of Gram-negative bacteria,
Bacterial vaginosis,
Black death,
Burn wound opportunistic pathogen,
Childbirth fever,
Cholera,
Cystic fibrosis-associated pathogens,
Diarrhea,
Diptheria,
Dysentery,
Earaches,
Epidemic typhus,
Food poisoning,
Food poisoning association with canned goods,
Foodborne gastrointestinal infection,
Foodborne illness,
Gas gangrene,
Gastric cancer & peptic ulcer,
Gonorrhea,
Human bacterial infection acquired through animal bites,
Leprosy (Hansen's disease),
Lockjaw,
Lyme disease,
Meningitis,
Mycoses,
Nosocomial infections,
Opportunistic infections,
Plague**,
Rheumatic fever,
Rocky Mountain spotted fever**,
Scarlet fever,
Sexually transmitted diseases,
Syphilis,
Trachoma,
Tuberculosis,
Typhoid fever,
Typical pneumonia,
Urinary tract infections,
Walking pneumonia,
Whooping cough,
Return to top…
• Microbial techniques
Agar,
Aseptic technique,
Biotechnology,
Broth,
Chemically defined media,
Colony-forming unit (CFU),
Colony hybridization,
Chemostat,
Complex media,
Continuous culture,
Culture media,
Differential media,
Direct microscopic count,
Dry weight,
Enrichment culture,
Fatty acid profile,
Fermentation test,
Filtration,
Flow cytometry,
Fluorescent-activated cell sorting,
Lawn,
Lyophilization,
Most probable number method (MPN),
Microbial techniques,
Microscopy,
Nutrient agar,
Nutrient broth,
Petri dish,
Plate count,
Pour plate method,
Reducing media,
Ribosomal RNA sequencing,
Ribotyping,
Selective media,
Serial dilution,
Spot inoculation,
Spread plate method,
Standard bacterial growth curve,
Streak plate method,
Transport media,
Viral hemagglutination,
Return to top…
• Microscopy
Acid-fast stain,
Acidic dye,
Basic dye,
Brightfield illumination,
Capsule staining,
Contrast,
Coarse focus,
Compound microscope,
Condenser,
Confocal microscopy,
Counterstain,
Darkfield illumination,
Decolorizing agent,
Differential stain,
Direct microscopic count,
Dissecting microscope,
Endospore staining,
Electron microscopy,
Field of view,
Fine focus,
Fixing a smear,
Fluorescence microscopy,
Focus,
Gram negative,
Gram positive,
Gram stain,
High and Dry,
Illuminator,
Immunofluorescence,
Iris diaphragm,
Light source,
Light microscopy,
Magnification,
Mechanical stage,
Micrometer,
Microscopy,
Mordant,
Nanometer,
Negative stain,
Objective lens,
Ocular lens,
Oil immersion,
Parfocal,
Phase contrast microscopy,
Primary stain,
Refractive index,
Resolution,
Scanning electron microscopy,
Simple stain,
Smear,
Stage,
Staining,
Total magnification,
Transmission electron microscopy,
See also
(Microscope Glossary),
Return to top…
• Disinfection
Acid anionic sanitizer,
Alcohols,
Aldehydes,
Antimicrobial,
Antiseptic,
Asepsis,
Autoclave,
Bacteriostasis,
Biguanides,
Biocide,
Chemical sterilization,
Commercial sterilization,
Decimal reduction time (DRT or D value),
Degerm,
Desiccation,
Disinfectant,
Disinfection,
Disk-diffusion method,
Dry heat,
Equivalent treatment,
Filtration,
Flaming,
Germicide,
Halogens,
Heavy metals,
High-efficiency particular air (HEPA) filters,
High-temperature short-time (HTST) Pasteurization,
Hot-air sterilization,
Iodophors,
Ionizing radiation,
Membrane filter,
Moist heat,
Nonionizing radiation,
Pascalization,
Pasteurization,
Peroxygens,
Phenol,
Phenolics,
Quaternary ammonium compounds (Quats),
Sanitization,
Sepsis (general term),
Soap,
Sterilant,
Sterile,
Sterilization,
Surfactant,
Thermal death point (TDP),
Thermal death time (TDT),
Thermoduric,
Tincture,
Ultra-high-temperature short-time (HTST) Pasteurization,
Use-dilution test,
Return to top…
• Microbial pharmacology
Absorption,
Alternation of a drug's target,
Antagonism,
Antibacterial,
Antibiogram,
Antibiotic,
Antibiotic resistance,
Antibiotic sensitivity,
Antibiotic target,
Antimicrobial,
Antimicrobial drug,
Antiviral,
Bacitracin,
Bactericidal,
Bacteriostatic,
Beta-lactam antibiotics,
Beta-lactam ring,
Beta lactamase,
Broad spectrum of activity,
Broth dilution test,
Carbapenems,
Cephalosporins,
Chemotherapy,
Chloramphenicol,
Chromosomal resistance,
Compartmentalization,
Disk-diffusion method,
Drug,
Enzymatic inactivation of a drug,
Erythromycin,
Fusion inhibitor,
Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis,
Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis,
Inhibitors of protein synthesis,
Integrase inhibitor,
Isoniazid,
Macrolide antibiotics,
Microbial pharmacology,
Minimal bactericidal concentration,
Minimal inhibitory concentration,
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC),
MRSA,
Narrow spectrum of activity,
Nucleoside analog,
Penicillins,
Phage therapy,
Pharmacodynamics,
Pharmacokinetics,
Polypeptide antibiotics,
Presumptive treatment,
Prevention of penetration to target site,
Protease inhibitor,
Quinolones,
Rapid efflux,
Resistance plasmid,
Rifampin,
Selective toxicity,
Semisynthetic,
Side effects,
Spectrum of activity,
Sulfanilamides (sulfa drugs),
Superinfection,
Synergy,
Synthetic drug,
Tetracyclines,
Vancomycin,
VRE,
Zone of inhibition,
Return to top…
Immunology
Abscess,
Acellular vaccine,
Active immunity,
Acute-phase proteins,
Adaptive immunity,
Adherence,
Adjuvant,
Affinity,
Agglutination,
Allergen,
Allergic reaction,
Alternative pathway,
Anaphylaxis,
Antibody,
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC),
Antibody titer,
Antigen,
Antigen-binding site,
Antigen-presenting cell,
Antihuman immune serum globulin,
Antimicrobial peptides,
Antigenic,
Antiserum,
Antitoxin,
Apoptosis,
Artificially acquired active immunity,
Artificially acquired passive immunity,
Attenuated whole-agent vaccine,
B cell,
Basophil,
Cellular immunity,
Chemotaxis (immunology),
Ciliary escalator,
Classical pathway,
Clonal deletion,
Clonal selection,
Clusters of differentiation,
Complement system,
Conjugated vaccine,
Cytokine storm,
Cytokines,
Cytotoxic lymphocyte,
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL),
Degranulation,
Dendritic cell,
Desensitization,
Diapedesis,
Differential white blood count,
Direct agglutination test,
Direct ELISA,
DNA vaccine,
Edema,
ELISA,
Endogenous antigen,
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,
Eosinophil,
Epitope (antigenic determinant),
Fever,
Fixed macrophage,
Fluorescence microscopy,
Fluorescent-activated cell sorting,
fluorescent antibody techniques,
Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH),
Formed elements,
Free (wandering) macrophage,
Fully humanized antibody,
Gamma globulin,
Gastric fxxxjuice,
Granulocyte,
Granzyme,
Hapten,
Hemagglutination,
Histamine,
Humanized antibody,
Humoral immunity,
Hybridoma,
Hypersensitivity,
IgA,
IgE,
IgG,
IgM,
Immune complex,
Immune surveillance,
Immune tolerance,
Immunity,
Immunodeficiency,
Immunofluorescence,
Immunoglobulin (Ig),
Immunology,
Immunotherapy,
Inactivated whole-agent vaccine,
Increased permeability,
Indirect agglutination test,
Indirect ELISA,
Inflammation,
Ingestion,
Innate immunity,
Interferon,
Kinins,
Lacrimal apparatus,
Leukocyte,
Lymph node,
Lymphocyte,
Lysozyme,
Macrophage,
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC),
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I,
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II,
Margination,
Mast cell,
Membrane attack complex,
Memory cell,
Monoclonal antibody (mAb),
Monocyte,
Mononuclear phagocytic (reticuloendothelial) system,
Mucous membrane,
Mucus,
Natural killer (NK) cell,
Naturally acquired active immunity,
Naturally acquired passive immunity,
Neutralization,
Neutrophil,
Nucleic acid vaccine,
Opsonization,
Passive immunity,
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns,
Perforin,
Phagocyte,
Phagocytosis,
Plasma cell,
Precipitation reaction,
Primary lymphoid organs,
Primary response,
Prostaglandins,
Pus,
Recombinant vaccine,
Resistance,
Saliva,
Sebum,
Secondary lymphoid organs,
Secondary response,
Self,
Self tolerance,
Sensitivity,
Seroconversion,
Serological_tests,
Serology,
Skin,
Specificity,
Specificity (immunological),
Subunit vaccine,
Sucrose,
Susceptibility,
T cell,
T-cell receptor,
T cytotoxic cells,
T-dependent antigen,
T helper cell,
T-independent antigen,
T regulatory cell,
Thymic selection,
Toll-like receptors,
Toxoid,
Type I hypersensitivity,
Type II hypersensitivity,
Type III hypersensitivity,
Type IV hypersensitivity,
Urine,
Vaccination,
Vaccine,
Vaginal secretions,
Valence,
Vasodilation,
Viral hemagglutination inhibition test,
Vomiting,
Western blot,
See also (Hypersensitivity),
Return to top…
Biotechnology
Antisense technology,
Artificial selection,
Bioinformatics,
Biotechnology,
Blunt ends,
Clone (biotechnology),
Cloning vector,
Colony hybridization,
Complementary DNA (cDNA),
DNA fingerprinting,
DNA probe,
DNA sequencing,
DNA vaccine,
Electroporation,
Gel electrophoresis,
Gene cloning,
Genetic engineering,
Genomic library,
Methylation,
Microinjection,
Plasmid,
Proteomics,
Protoplast,
Protoplast fusion,
Random shotgun sequencing,
Recognition sequence,
Recombinant DNA,
Recombinant DNA technology,
Restriction digest,
Restriction endonuclease,
Restriction enzyme,
Restriction fragment,
Restriction site,
Reverse genetics,
Reverse transcriptase,
RFLP,
Shuttle vector,
Site-directed mutagenesis,
Southern blotting,
Sticky ends,
Subcloning,
Subunit vaccine,
Synthetic DNA,
Ti plasmid,
Transformation (biotechnology),
Vector (biotechnology),
See also
(Online Analysis Tools…),
Return to top…
Reverse-order-of-addition list
Click here to start at the list's bottom or here to view those entries that have been updated or return to top…
Musculoskeletal system,
Integumentary system,
Nervous system,
Endocrine system,
Urinary system,
Immune system,
Reproductive system,
Circulatory system,
Digestive system,
Respiratory system,
Heritability,
Pathogenicity island,
Evolutionary trend,
You are what you eat,
Osmotroph,
Phagotroph,
Acquired resistance,
Calorie (kcal),
Functional biology,
Systems biology,
Periplasm,
Culture,
Consumer,
Pharmecology,
Predation,
Trophic ecology,
Victim-exploiter interactions,
Anti-protozoan defenses,
Archaeal virus,
Carrier state,
Colicin,
Colonization (microbiology),
Exoenzyme,
Intracellular parasitism,
Lysogen allelopathy,
Serial transfer,
Tissue invasion without toxin production,
Toxin production following colonization,
Virulence factor,
Archaea,
Archaea (informal),
Archaeal,
Archaeon,
Crenarchaeota,
Euryarchaeota,
Viruses of Microorganisms,
(2335) Detrimental mutation 130824
(2334) Muscle tissue 130418
(2333) Nervous tissue 130418
(2332) Nervous system 130418
(2331) Compensatory (mutation) 130418
(2330) Nonsynonymous substitution 130418
(2329) Pseudoreversion 130418
(2328) Reversion (mutation) 130418
(2327) Substitution 130418
(2326) Synonymous substitution 130418
(2325) Wild type 130418
(2324) Muller's ratchet 130418
(2323) DNA damage 130418
(2322) Filter feeder 130418
(2321) Genus Ardipithecus 130418
(2320) Hamilton's rule 130326
(2319) Associative learning 130325
(2318) Social learning 130325
(2317) Conodonts 130325
(2316) Behavioral ecology 130325
(2315) Cognition 130325
(2314) Communication 130325
(2313) Game theory 130325
(2312) Mating systems 130325
(2311) Migration (behavior) 130325
(2310) Monogamous 130325
(2309) Optimal foraging model 130325
(2308) Polygamous 130325
(2307) Promiscuous 130325
(2306) Inclusive fitness 130325
(2305) Kin selection 130325
(2304) Coefficient of relatedness 130325
(2303) Behavior 130325
(2302) Imprinting 130325
(2301) Innate behavior 130325
(2300) Learning 130325
Return to top…
(2299) Pheromones 130325
(2298) Sensitive period 130325
(2297) Sign stimulus 130325
(2296) Signal 130325
(2295) Eutrophication 130325
(2294) Net ecosystem production 130325
(2293) Production efficiency 130325
(2292) Secondary production 130325
(2291) Turnover time 130325
(2290) Gross primary production 130322
(2289) Net primary production 130322
(2288) Primary consumers 130322
(2287) Primary production 130322
(2286) Primary producers 130322
(2285) Secondary consumers 130322
(2284) Tertiary consumers 130322
(2283) Aposematic coloration 130321
(2282) Batesian mimicry 130321
(2281) Dynamic stability hypothesis 130321
(2280) Ecosystem engineers 130321
(2279) Energetic hypothesis 130321
(2278) Facilitation (ecological) 130321
(2277) Herbivory 130321
(2276) Keystone speciesv
(2275) Müllerian mimicry 130321
(2274) Species diversity 130321
(2273) Trophic structure 130321
(2272) Character displacement 130319
(2271) Cryptic coloration 130319
(2270) Interspecific competition 130319
(2269) Resource partitioning 130319
(2268) density dependent 130319
(2267) density independent 130319
(2266) Metapopulation 130319
(2265) Per capita rate of increase 130319
(2264) Reproductive table 130319
(2263) Reproductive rates 130319
(2262) Survivorship curve 130319
(2261) Zero population growth 130319
(2260) Cohort 130317
(2259) Allergen 130317
(2258) Aquatic biomes 130317
(2257) Biome 130317
(2256) Ecosystem ecology 130317
(2255) Climate 130317
(2254) Dispersal 130317
(2253) Distribution 130317
(2252) Disturbance 130317
(2251) Ecosystem ecology 130317
(2250) Evapotranspiration 130317
(2249) Landscape ecology 130317
(2248) Microclimate 130317
(2247) Organismal ecology 130317
(2246) Population ecology 130317
(2245) Terrestrial biomes 130317
(2244) Detritus 130317
(2243) Detrivores 130317
(2242) Nitrogen cycle 130317
(2241) Water cycle 130317
(2240) Clumped dispersion 130317
(2239) Density 130317
(2238) Dispersion 130317
(2237) Demography 130317
(2236) Emigration 130317
(2235) Immigration 130317
(2234) Iteroparity 130317
(2233) Life history 130317
(2232) Life table 130317
(2231) Patterns of dispersion 130317
(2230) Population dynamics 130317
(2229) Random dispersion 130317
(2228) Semelparity 130317
(2227) Territoriality 130317
(2226) Territory 130317
(2225) Uniform dispersion 130317
(2224) Climax community 130317
(2223) Ectoparasites 130317
(2222) Endoparasites 130317
(2221) Primary succession 130317
(2220) Secondary succession 130317
(2219) Biological_augmentation 130316
(2218) Restoration ecology 130316
(2217) Botulinum toxin 130316
(2216) Collagenase 130316
(2215) Staphylococcal enerotoxin 130316
(2214) Tetanus toxin 130316
(2213) Vibrio enterotoxin 130316
(2212) Transpiration 130315
(2211) Anthropoids 130313
(2210) Early Homo 130313
(2209) Fishapod 130313
(2208) Humans 130313
(2207) Neanderthals 130313
(2206) Primates 130313
(2205) Opposable thumb 130313
(2204) Bipedalism 130313
(2203) Archosaurs 130311
(2202) Crocodiles 130311
(2201) Diapsids 130311
(2200) Mammals 130311
Return to top…
(2199) Reptile 130311
(2198) Theropods 130311
(2197) Endothermic 130311
(2196) Actinopterygii 130311
(2195) Chondrichthyans 130311
(2194) Chondrichthyes 130311
(2193) Craniates 130311
(2192) Gnathostomes 130311
(2191) Hagfish 130311
(2190) Lamprey 130311
(2189) Lancelets 130311
(2188) Myxini 130311
(2187) Osteichthyans 130311
(2186) Ray-finned fish 130311
(2185) Tunicates 130311
(2184) Vertebrates 130311
(2183) Cloaca 130311
(2182) Lateral line system 130311
(2181) Lobe fins 130311
(2180) Neural crest 130311
(2179) Swim bladder 130311
(2178) Oviparous 130311
(2177) Ovoviparous 130311
(2176) Viviparous 130311
(2175) Chordates 130307
(2174) Chordate characteristic 1 130307
(2173) Chordate characteristic 2 130307
(2172) Chordate characteristic 3 130307
(2171) Chordate characteristic 4 130307
(2170) Dorsal, hollow nerve cord 130307
(2169) Notochord 130307
(2168) Pharyngeal clefts 130307
(2167) Pharyngeal slits 130307
(2166) Post-anal muscular tail 130307
(2165) Complete metamorphosis 130306
(2164) Copepods 130306
(2163) Crustaceans 130306
(2162) Decapods 130306
(2161) Hymenoptera 130306
(2160) Incomplete metamorphosis 130306
(2159) Insects 130306
(2158) Isopods 130306
(2157) Lepidoptera 130306
(2156) Mandibles 130306
(2155) Myriapods 130306
(2155) Arachnids 130302
(2154) Asteroidea 130302
(2153) Book lungs 130302
(2152) Chelicerae 130302
(2151) Chelicerates 130302
(2150) Ecdysozoa 130302
(2149) Foot (mollusk) 130302
(2148) Gastropods 130302
(2147) Mantle 130302
(2146) Mantle cavity 130302
(2145) Oligochaetes 130302
(2144) Polychaetes 130302
(2143) Radula 130302
(2142) Tube feet 130302
(2141) Visceral mass 130302
(2140) Water vascular system 130302
(2139) Anthozoan 130223
(2138) Bivalves 130223
(2137) Cephalopods 130223
(2136) Class Hydrozoa 130223
(2135) Parthenogenesis 130223
(2134) Phylum rotifera 130223
(2133) Planarians 130223
(2132) Scyphozoan 130223
(2131) Alimentary canal 130223
(2130) Exoskeleton 130223
(2129) Hydrozoan 130219
(2128) Amoebocytes (sponge) 130219
(2127) Choanocytes 130219
(2126) Cnidocyte 130219
(2125) Gastrovascular cavity 130219
(2124) Hermaphrodite 130219
(2123) Mesohyl 130219
(2122) Osculum 130219
(2121) spongocoel 130219
(2120) Descendant species 130215
(2119) Free living 130215
(2118) Citrus 130215
(2117) Grapes 130215
(2116) Pineapple 130215
(2115) Prickly pear 130215
(2114) Starfruit 130215
(2113) Strawberries 130215
(2112) Bilateria 130214
(2111) Coelomates 130214
(2110) Invertebrate 130214
(2109) Pseudocoelomate 130214
(2108) Radiata 130214
(2107) Organogenesis 130214
(2106) Blastopore 130214
(2105) Determinate cleavage 130214
(2104) Indeterminate cleavage 130214
(2103) Gastrula 130214
(2102) Gastrulation 130214
(2101) Body plan 130214
(2100) Dorsal 130214
Return to top…
(2099) Radial symmetry 130214
(2098) Posterior 130214
(2097) Ventral 130214
(2096) Head 130212
(2095) Bilateral symmetry 130212
(2094) Gut 130212
(2093) Archenteron 130212
(2092) Amphibian 130212
(2091) Anterior 130212
(2090) Egg 130212
(2089) Egg (fertilized) 130212
(2088) Female 130212
(2087) Male 130212
(2086) Sessile 130212
(2085) Acoelomate 130212
(2084) Adult 130212
(2083) Body cavity 130212
(2082) Deuteromycetes 130212
(2081) Glomeromycetes 130212
(2080) Zygomycetes 130212
(2079) Zygosporangium 130212
(2078) Ascomycetes 130211
(2077) Asci 130211
(2076) Ascocarp 130211
(2075) Basidiocarps 130211
(2074) Basidiomycete 130211
(2073) Basidium 130211
(2072) Endophyte 130211
(2071) Lichen 130211
(2070) Soredia 130210
(2069) Chytrids 130210
(2068) Dikaryotic 130210
(2067) Fungi 130210
(2066) Haustoria 130210
(2065) Heterokaryon 130210
(2064) Zoospore 130210
(2063) Anther 130209
(2062) Carpel 130209
(2061) Cotyledons 130209
(2060) Dicot 130209
(2059) Double fertilization 130209
(2058) endosperm 130209
(2057) Filament (flower) 130209
(2056) Integument (seed) 130209
(2055) Micropyle (ovule) 130209
(2054) Monocot 130209
(2053) Ovary (flower) 130209
(2052) Ovule 130209
(2051) Petal 130209
(2050) Phloem 130209
(2049) Phylum Coniferophyta 130209
(2048) Pollen grain 130209
(2047) Pollination 130209
(2046) Sepal 130209
(2045) Stamen 130209
(2044) Stigma (flower) 130209
(2043) Style (flower) 130209
(2042) Tracheids 130209
(2041) Xylem 130209
(2040) Calamites 130208
(2039) Lepidodendron 130208
(2038) Sigillaria 130208
(2037) Lignin 130207
(2036) Leaves 130207
(2035) Roots 130207
(2034) Heterosporous 130207
(2033) Homosporous 130207
(2032) Megaspore 130207
(2031) Microspore 130207
(2030) Sori 130207
(2029) Stomata 130207
(2028) Antheridia 130205
(2027) Bryophytes 130205
(2026) Archegonia 130205
(2025) Gymnosperms 130205
(2024) Lycophytes 130205
(2023) Protonema 130205
(2022) Pterophytes 130205
(2021) Seedless vascular plants 130205
(2020) Vascular plants 130205
(2019) Vascular tissue 130205
(2018) Gametangia 130204
(2017) Sporangia 130204
(2016) Sporopollenin 130204
(2015) Embryophyte 130204
(2014) Land plant 130204
(2013) Brown algae 130203
(2012) Cellular slime molds 130203
(2011) Diatoms 130203
(2010) Foraminiferans 130203
(2009) Golden algae 130203
(2008) Plasmodium (structure) 130203
(2007) Radiolarians 130203
(2006) Stramenopiles 130203
(2005) Tests 130203
(2004) Red algae 130201
(2003) Alveolata 130201
(2002) Amoebas 130201
(2001) Ciliates 130201
(2000) Dinoflagellates 130201
Return to top…
(1999) Euglenids 130201
(1998) Rhizaria 130201
(1997) Blades 130131
(1996) Stipe 130131
(1995) Holdfast 130131
(1994) Conjugation (eukaryotes) 130131
(1993) Kinetoplastids 130131
(1992) Apicomplexans 130130
(1991) Isomorphic 130130
(1990) Heteromorphic 130130
(1989) Plasmodial slime molds 130130
(1988) Thallus 130130
(1987) Parabasalids 130130
(1986) Diplomonads 130130
(1985) Secondary endosymbiosis 130129
(1984) Endosymbiosis 130129
(1983) Mixotroph 130129
(1982) Neutral pH 130127
(1981) Growth optimum 130126
(1980) Decomposer 130126
(1979) Symbiont 130126
(1978) Heterocyst 130123
(1977) Nitrogen fixation 130122
(1976) Nitrogen 130122
(1975) Maximum likelihood 130121
(1974) Maximum parsimony 130121
(1973) Shared ancestral character 130121
(1972) Shared character 130121
(1971) Shared derived character 130121
(1970) Polyphyletic 130121
(1969) Paraphyletic 130121
(1968) Monophyletic 130121
(1967) Molecular homology 130121
(1966) Morphological homology 130121
(1965) Homology 130121
(1964) Neutral theory 130120
(1963) Paralogous genes 130120
(1962) Orthologous genes 130120
(1961) Molecular clock 130120
(1960) Rooted 130120
(1959) Sister taxa 130120
(1958) Branch point 130120
(1957) Phylogenetic tree 130120
(1956) Hierarchical classification 130120
(1955) Oxygen revolution 130116
(1954) Cretaceous mass extinction 130115
(1953) Permian mass extinction 130115
(1952) Paedomorphosis 130115
(1951) Heterochrony 130115
(1950) Endosymbiotic theory 130114
(1949) Adaptive radiation 130114
(1948) Stromatolite 130114
(1947) Serial endosymbiosis 130113
(1946) Ribozyme 130113
(1945) Cambrian explosion 130113
(1944) Abiogenesis 130113
(1943) Protocell 130113
(1942) Simple diffusion 130112
(1941) Glycolipid 130112
(1940) L form 130112
(1939) Mycolic acid 130112
(1938) Sex pili 130112
(1937) H antigen 130112
(1936) Polar flagella 130112
(1935) Monomorphic (locus) 130112
(1934) Monomorphic (morphology) 130112
(1933) Reinforcement 130110
(1932) Phylogenetic species concept 130110
(1931) Hybrid 130110
(1930) Evolutionary compromise 130108
(1929) Existing variation 130108
(1928) Hidden genetic variation 130108
(1927) Sexual dimorphism 130108
(1926) Genetic drift: impact of population size 130108
(1925) Genetic drift: impact on allele frequency 130108
(1924) Genetic drift: impact on genetic variation 130108
(1923) Genetic drift: impact on allele fixation 130108
(1922) Hardy-Weinberg assumption # 1 130108
(1921) Hardy-Weinberg assumption # 2 130108
(1920) Hardy-Weinberg assumption # 3 130108
(1919) Hardy-Weinberg assumption # 4 130108
(1918) Hardy-Weinberg assumption # 5 130108
(1917) Rapid reproduction 130108
(1916) Altering gene number 130108
(1915) New alleles 130108
(1914) Geographic variation 130108
(1913) Average heterozygosity 130108
(1912) Endemic (species) 130104
(1911) Pangaea 130104
(1910) Evolutionary tree 130104
(1909) Uniformitarianism 130104
(1908) Catastrophism 130104
(1907) Cleavage 121127
(1906) Organ 121127
(1905) Metamorphosis 121127
(1904) Morphogenesis 121127
(1903) Morulation 121127
(1902) Blastulation 121127
(1901) Blastula 121127
(1900) Morula 121127
Return to top…
(1899) Animal development 121127
(1898) Embryonic development 121127
(1897) Plant 121127
(1896) Embryo 121127
(1895) Animal 121127
(1894) Open circulatory system 121127
(1893) Tagma 121124
(1892) Suspension feeder 121124
(1891) Larva 121124
(1890) Subphylum Hexopoda 121124
(1889) Differential success 121124
(1888) Polyp 121124
(1887) Medusa 121124
(1886) Genus Australopithecus 121121
(1885) Placental mammals 121121
(1884) Marsupial 121121
(1883) Monotreme 121121
(1882) Teat 121121
(1881) Lobe-finned fish 121118
(1880) Fish 121118
(1879) Phyletic gradualism 121118
(1878) Deuterostomes 121027
(1877) Protostomes 121027
(1876) Triploblastic 121027
(1875) Diploblastic 121027
(1874) Primary germ layers 121027
(1873) Absorptive area 121025
(1872) Tree 121024
(1871) Births 121021
(1870) Deaths 121021
(1869) Pedigree analysis 120929
(1868) Scientific method 120812
(1867) Evolutionary biology 120601
(1866) Dating fossils 120523
(1865) Oldest fossils of flowering plants 120522
(1864) Oldest fossil tetrapods 120522
(1863) Oldest fossil reptiles 120522
(1862) Massive diversification of animal phyla 120522
(1861) Oldest fossil eukaryotes 120522
(1860) Oldest fossil cells 120522
(1859) Archaean 120522
(1858) Cenozoic 120522
(1857) Geologic record 120522
(1856) Mesozoic 120522
(1855) Paleozoic 120522
(1854) Phanerozoic 120522
(1853) Proterozoic 120522
(1852) Half life 120522
(1851) Radiometric dating 120522
(1850) Strata 120521
(1849) Absolute dating 120521
(1848) Relative dating 120521
(1847) Fossilization 120521
(1846) Fossils 120521
(1845) Paleontology 120520
(1844) Reproductive isolating mechanism 120520
(1843) Reproductive barriers 120520
(1842) Adaptive landscape 120520
(1841) Species selection 120520
(1840) Allopolyploidy 120520
(1839) Autopolyploidy 120520
(1838) Parapatric speciation 120520
(1837) Sympatric speciation 120520
(1836) Peripatric speciation 120520
(1835) Hybrid zone 120520
(1834) Peripheral isolates 120520
(1833) Geographical barrier 120519
(1832) Allopatric speciation 120519
(1831) Breakdown of reproductive barriers 120519
(1830) Selection for reproductive isolation 120519
(1829) Hybrid breakdown 120519
(1828) Reduced hybrid fertility 120519
(1827) Reduced hybrid viability 120519
(1826) Gametic isolation 120519
(1825) Mechanical isolation 120519
(1824) Temporal isolation 120519
(1823) Behavioral isolation 120519
(1822) Habitat isolation 120519
(1821) Geographical isolation 120519
(1820) Subspecies 120519
(1819) Pluralistic species concept 120519
(1818) Ecological species concept 120519
(1817) Morphological species concept 120519
(1816) Species concepts 120519
(1815) Reproductive isolation 120519
(1814) Cladogenesis 120519
(1813) Anagenesis 120519
(1812) Intrasexual selection 120518
(1811) Accuracy 120519
(1810) Genetic structure 120518
(1809) Mate choice 120518
(1808) Intersexual selection 120518
(1807) Balancing selection 120518
(1806) Heterozygous advantage 120518
(1805) Hybrid vigor 120518
(1804) Frequency-dependent selection 120518
(1803) Random mating 120518
(1802) Nonrandom mating 120518
(1801) Inbreeding 120518
(1800) Genotype frequency 120518
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(1799) Assortative mating 120518
(1798) Organic chemistry 120516
(1797) Divergent evolution 120516
(1796) Homoplasy 120514
(1795) Non-Darwinian evolution 120515
(1794) Darwinian evolution 120515
(1793) Modern synthesis 120513
(1792) Hardy-Weinberg theorem 120514
(1791) Population genetics 120514
(1790) Introgression 120513
(1789) Host 120513
(1788) Descendant 120513
(1787) Fossil record 120513
(1786) Clonal organism 120513
(1785) Relative fitness 120513
(1784) Mosaic evolution 120513
(1783) Offspring 120513
(1782) Gene flow 120513
(1781) Analogy 120513
(1780) Hybridization 120512
(1779) Ancestor 120512
(1778) Fit 120512
(1777) Reproduction 120512
(1776) Generation 120512
(1775) Parent 120512
(1774) Lineage 120512
(1773) Common ancestor 120512
(1772) Directional selection 120512
(1771) Convergent evolution 120512
(1770) Relative 120512
(1769) Ancestor species 120512
(1768) Prey 120512
(1767) Stabilizing frequency-dependent selection 120512
(1766) Morphology 120512
(1765) Diversifying selection 120512
(1764) Evolutionary divergence 120512
(1763) Identical by descent 120512
(1762) Homologous structure 120512
(1761) Molecular evolution 120511
(1760) Vestigial structure 120511
(1759) Extant 120511
(1758) Descent with modification 120511
(1757) Darwinism 120511
(1756) Signal induction 120511
(1755) Cytoplasmic determinants 120511
(1754) Cell fate determination 120511
(1753) Genomic equivalence 120511
(1752) Morphogenesis 120511
(1751) Development 120511
(1750) Fluorescent antibody techniques 120510
(1749) Viral hemagglutination 120510
(1748) Viral hemagglutination inhibition test 120510
(1747) Antihuman immune serum globulin 120510
(1746) Indirect agglutination test 120510
(1745) Direct agglutination test 120510
(1744) Desensitization 120510
(1743) Fluorescent-activated cell sorting 120510
(1742) Type I hypersensitivity 120510
(1741) Type II hypersensitivity 120510
(1740) Type III hypersensitivity 120510
(1739) Type IV hypersensitivity 120510
(1738) Direct ELISA 120510
(1737) Indirect ELISA 120510
(1736) Precipitation reaction 120509
(1735) Immune complex 120509
(1734) Degranulation 120509
(1733) Anaphylaxis 120509
(1732) Hypersensitivity 120509
(1731) Immunotherapy 120509
(1730) Self tolerance 120509
(1729) Plasma viral load 120509
(1728) Immunodeficiency 120509
(1727) Self 120508
(1726) Disruptive frequency-dependent selection 120508
(1725) Reverse reaction 120508
(1724) AIDS 120508
(1723) Alternation of a drug's target 120508
(1722) Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis 120508
(1721) Inhibitors of protein synthesis 120508
(1720) Ethambutol 120508
(1718) Isoniazid 120508
(1717) Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis 120508
(1716) Antimicrobial drug 120508
(1715) Hapten 120507
(1714) Clusters of differentiation 120507
(1713) T cytotoxic cells 120507
(1712) Thymic selection 120507
(1711) Lactoferrin 120506
(1710) Margination 120506
(1709) Prostaglandins 120506
(1708) Kinins 120506
(1707) Acute-phase proteins 120506
(1706) Phagolysosome 120506
(1705) Differential white blood count 120506
(1704) Granzyme 120506
(1703) Cytolysis 120506
(1702) Granulocyte 120506
(1701) Formed elements 120506
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(1700) Vomiting 120505
(1699) Susceptibility 120505
(1698) Shock 120505
(1697) A-B toxin 120505
(1696) Erythrogenic toxin 120505
(1695) Leukocidins 120505
(1694) IgA protease 120505
(1693) Hyaluronidase 120505
(1692) Embryonated egg 120504
(1691) Mycoses 120504
(1690) Anthrax 120502
(1689) Antibiotic-associated diarrhea 120502
(1688) Atypical pneumonia 120502
(1687) Bacillary dysentery 120502
(1686) Bacterial obligate intracellular parasite of Gram-negative bacteria 120502
(1685) Bacterial vaginosis 120502
(1684) Black death 120502
(1683) Burn wound opportunistic pathogen 120502
(1682) Childbirth fever 120502
(1681) Cholera 120502
(1680) Cystic fibrosis-associated pathogens 120502
(1679) Diarrhea 120502
(1678) Diptheria 120502
(1677) Dysentery 120502
(1676) Earaches 120502
(1675) Epidemic typhus 120502
(1674) Food poisoning 120502
(1673) Food poisoning association with canned goods 120502
(1672) Foodborne gastrointestinal infection 120502
(1671) Foodborne illness 120502
(1670) Gas gangrene 120502
(1669) Gastric cancer & peptic ulcer 120502
(1668) Gonorrhea 120502
(1667) Human bacterial infection acquired through animal bites 120502
(1666) Leprosy (Hansen's disease) 120502
(1665) Lockjaw 120502
(1664) Lyme disease 120502
(1663) Meningitis 120502
(1662) Nosocomial infections 120502
(1661) Opportunistic infections 120502
(1660) Plague 120502
(1659) Rheumatic fever 120502
(1658) Rocky Mountain spotted fever 120502
(1657) Scarlet fever 120502
(1656) Sexually transmitted diseases 120502
(1655) Syphilis 120502
(1654) Trachoma 120502
(1653) Tuberculosis 120502
(1652) Typhoid fever 120502
(1651) Typical pneumonia 120502
(1650) Urinary tract infections 120502
(1649) Walking pneumonia 120502
(1648) Whooping cough 120502
(1647) Fatty acid profile 120501
(1646) DNA base composition 120501
(1645) Ribosomal RNA sequencing 120501
(1644) Eukaryotic species 120501
(1643) Prokaryotic species 120501
(1642) Ribotyping 120501
(1641) Serological_tests 120501
(1640) Kingdom Protista 120430
(1639) Transport media 120430
(1638) Synthetic DNA 120430
(1637) Bacteriocin 120429
(1636) Thermal death time (TDT) 120429
(1635) Dry heat 120429
(1634) Acid anionic sanitizer 120429
(1633) Moist heat 120429
(1632) Detergent 120429
(1631) Spread plate method 120429
(1630) Pour plate method 120429
(1629) Petri dish 120429
(1628) Serial dilution 120428
(1627) Class Amphibia 120428
(1626) Immunofluorescence 120428
(1625) Fluorescence 120428
(1624) Confocal microscopy 120428
(1623) Exchange reaction 120428
(1622) Inorganic compound 120428
(1621) Synthesis reaction 120428
(1620) Condensation reaction 120428
(1619) Organic compound 120428
(1618) Ionization 120428
(1617) Dissociation 120428
(1616) Chemical energy 120428
(1615) Compound 120428
(1614) Charge 120428
(1613) Decomposition reaction 120428
(1612) Resistance 120428
(1611) Microbe 120428
(1610) Gene therapy 120428
(1609) Postzygotic barrier 120425
(1608) Prezygotic barrier 120425
(1607) Punctuated equilibrium 120425
(1606) Class Reptilia 120424
(1605) Amniotic egg 120424
(1604) Keratinized skin 120424
(1603) Ectothermic 120424
(1602) Zygote 120422
(1601) Fertilization 120422
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(1600) Pseudopodia 120422
(1599) Transport vesicle 120422
(1598) Pyramid of productivity 120421
(1597) Trophic efficiency 120421
(1596) Secondary productivity 120421
(1595) Standing crop biomass 120421
(1594) Net primary productivity 120421
(1593) Gross primary productivity 120421
(1592) Biogeochemical cycle 120420
(1591) Limiting nutrient 120420
(1590) Spontaneous process 120420
(1589) Klinefelter syndrome 120420
(1588) Down syndrome 120420
(1587) Reciprocal Translocation 120419
(1586) Inversion (chromosomal) 120419
(1585) Duplication chromosomal 120419
(1584) Translocation (chromosomal) 120419
(1583) Chromosomal rearrangements 120419
(1582) Linkage 120419
(1581) Frequency of recombination 120419
(1580) Phosphorus cycle 120418
(1579) Genetic map 120418
(1578) Carbon cycle 120418
(1577) Chemical cycling 120418
(1576) Mineralization 120418
(1575) Primary productivity 120418
(1574) Biomass 120418
(1573) Energy flow 120418
(1572) Recombinant 120418
(1571) Polynucleic acid 120418
(1570) Barr body 120418
(1569) X chromosome 120418
(1568) Turner syndrome 120418
(1567) Biosynthesis 120418
(1566) Hydration 120418
(1565) Parental type 120418
(1564) Gene expression 120418
(1563) Molecular recombination 120418
(1562) Subcloning 120417
(1561) Expression vector 120417
(1560) Cloning vector 120417
(1559) Restriction endonuclease 120417
(1558) Restriction site 120417
(1557) Gene cloning 120417
(1556) Restriction digest 120417
(1555) Restriction fragment 120416
(1554) Genetic engineering 120416
(1553) mRNA degradation 120416
(1552) Protein activation 120416
(1551) Enhancer 120416
(1550) Control of gene expression in eukaryotes 120416
(1549) Heterochromatin 120416
(1548) Euchromatin 120416
(1547) Nucleosome 120416
(1546) Histones 120416
(1545) Regulatory gene 120415
(1544) Lac operon 120415
(1543) Trp operon 120415
(1542) Corepressed operon 120415
(1541) Inducible operon 120415
(1540) Positive control of gene expression 120415
(1539) Negative control of gene expression 120415
(1538) cAMP receptor protein 120415
(1537) Catabolite gene activator protein 120415
(1536) Positive control of energy metabolism 120415
(1535) Structural gene 120415
(1534) Temperate (virology) 120415
(1533) Virus genomes 120415
(1532) Beneficial allele 120414
(1531) Neutral mutation 120414
(1530) Beneficial mutation 120414
(1529) Detrimental mutation 120414
(1528) Post-translational modification 120414
(1527) Signal sequence 120414
(1526) Translation elongation 120414
(1525) Translation initiation 120414
(1524) A site 120414
(1523) E site 120414
(1522) P site 120414
(1521) Transcription initiation 120413
(1520) Segregation of transcription and translation 120413
(1519) Triplet code 120413
(1518) Template strand 120413
(1517) Translation termination 120413
(1516) Wobble 120413
(1515) Spliceosome 120413
(1514) Synthesis (chemical) 120413
(1513) Exon 120413
(1512) Intron 120413
(1511) Termination (molecular genetics) 120413
(1510) Elongation (molecular genetics) 120410
(1509) Transcription factor 120410
(1508) Lack of ambiguity in the genetic code 120410
(1507) Redundancy of the genetic code 120410
(1506) One gene, one enzyme 120410
(1505) Messenger RNA processing 120409
(1504) Lack of punctuation between codons 120409
(1503) Methionine 120409
(1502) AUG 120409
(1501) Reading frame 120409
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(1500) Start codon 120409
(1499) mRNA 120409
(1498) Ribosomal RNA 120409
(1497) rRNA 120409
(1496) Transfer RNA 120409
(1495) tRNA 120409
(1494) Amphibiosis 120408
(1493) Kinesis 120408
(1492) Klinokinesis 120408
(1491) Orthokinesis 120408
(1490) Thigmokinesis 120408
(1489) Recognition sequence 120407
(1488) Aminoacyl tRNA 120407
(1487) Anticodon 120407
(1486) Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase 120407
(1485) Point mutation 120407
(1484) Silent mutation 120407
(1483) Insertion 120407
(1482) Deletion 120407
(1481) What is a gene? 120407
(1480) Sex linkage 120406
(1479) Dosage compensation 120406
(1478) Monosomy 120406
(1477) Trisomy 120406
(1476) Aneuploidy 120406
(1475) Nondisjunction 120406
(1474) Polyploidy 120406
(1473) Cytoplasmic inheritance 120406
(1472) DNA replication 120406
(1471) RNA priming 120406
(1470) Proofreading 120406
(1469) Semiconservative replication 120406
(1468) Base sequence 120406
(1467) Primase 120406
(1466) 5' to 3' direction 120406
(1465) Antiparallel 120406
(1464) 5' to 3' polarity 120406
(1463) Origin of replication 120406
(1462) Chargaff's Rule 120406
(1461) Single-strand binding protein 120406
(1460) Helicase 120405
(1459) Leading strand 120405
(1458) Lagging strand 120405
(1457) Okazaki fragments 120405
(1456) DNA ligase 120405
(1455) Telomerase 120405
(1454) Telomere 120405
(1453) F1 Generation 120404
(1452) F2 Generation 120404
(1451) Punnet square 120404
(1450) Incomplete dominance 120404
(1449) Complete dominance 120404
(1448) Codominance 120404
(1447) Pleiotropy 120404
(1446) Test cross 120404
(1445) Dihybrid cross 120404
(1444) Monohybrid cross 120404
(1443) Cross 120404
(1442) P generation 120404
(1441) Homozygous dominant 120404
(1440) Homozygous recessive 120404
(1439) Segregation of alleles 120404
(1438) Homologous allele 120404
(1437) Character 120404
(1436) True breeding 120404
(1435) Trait 120404
(1434) Anaphase I 120403
(1433) Metaphase I 120403
(1432) Prophase I 120403
(1431) Germ line 120403
(1430) Gamete 120403
(1429) Syngamy 120403
(1428) Life cycle 120403
(1427) Synapsis 120403
(1426) Tetrad (chromosomal) 120403
(1425) Sexual reproduction 120403
(1424) Asexual reproduction 120403
(1423) Independent assortment 120403
(1422) Crossing over 120403
(1421) Sex chromosome 120403
(1420) Autosome 120403
(1419) Homologous pairs 120403
(1418) Homologue 120403
(1417) Karyotype 120402
(1416) Heredity 120402
(1415) Genetic variation 120402
(1414) Nonkinetochore microtubule 120402
(1413) Kinetochore microtubule 120402
(1412) Cleavage furrow 120402
(1411) Metaphase_plate 120402
(1410) Mitotic spindle 120402
(1409) Aster 120402
(1408) Kinetochore 120402
(1407) Prometaphase 120402
(1406) G0 120402
(1405) S phase 120402
(1404) G2 120402
(1403) G1 120402
(1402) Gap phase 120402
(1401) M phase 120402
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(1400) Cell cycle 120402
(1399) Centromere 120402
(1398) Sister chromatid pair 120402
(1397) Sister chromatid 120402
(1396) Chromatin 120402
(1395) Cell division 120402
(1394) Tyrosine kinase receptor 120401
(1393) G protein-linked receptor 120401
(1392) Ion channel receptor 120401
(1392) Protein Phosphatase 120401
(1391) Protein kinase 120401
(1390) Second messenger 120401
(1389) Signal transduction 120401
(1388) Receptor protein 120401
(1387) Signal reception 120401
(1386) Signal transduction pathway 120401
(1385) Hormone 120401
(1384) Paracrine signaling 120401
(1383) Local regulation 120401
(1382) Chemical signaling 120401
(1381) Cell-to-cell communication 120401
(1380) Intermembrane space 120331
(1379) Stroma 120331
(1378) NADP+ 120331
(1377) NADPH 120331
(1376) Chlorophyll 120331
(1375) Photosystems 120331
(1374) Photosystem I 120331
(1373) Photosystem II 120331
(1372) Reaction center 120331
(1371) Primary electron acceptor 120331
(1370) Oxidation of water 120331
(1369) Z scheme 120331
(1368) Noncyclic electron flow 120331
(1367) Cyclic electron flow 120331
(1366) Photophosphorylation 120331
(1365) Calvin cycle 120331
(1364) Carbon fixation 120331
(1363) Photosynthesis (overall reaction) 120331
(1362) Producer 120331
(1361) Krebs cycle 120330
(1360) FADH2 120330
(1359) Chemiosmosis 120330
(1358) Metabolic water 120330
(1357) Reduction of oxygen 120330
(1356) Generation of proton motive force 120330
(1355) NAD regeneration 120330
(1354) FAD 120330
(1353) Pyruvate oxidation 120330
(1352) Glycolysis (stoichiometry) 120330
(1351) Dehydrogenase 120330
(1350) NADH 120330
(1349) Energy in bonds 120330
(1348) Reducing agent 120330
(1347) Oxidizing agent 120330
(1346) Redox 120330
(1345) Stoichiometry 120330
(1344) Glucose oxidation 120330
(1343) Tubulin 120329
(1342) Receptor-mediated endocytosis 120329
(1341) Cotransport 120329
(1341) Centriole 120329
(1340) Proton pump 120329
(1339) Membrane potential 120329
(1338) Centrosome 120329
(1337) Electrochemical gradient 120329
(1336) Flip-flopping 120329
(1335) Membrane 120329
(1334) Actin 120329
(1333) Pinocytosis 120329
(1332) Secreted protein 120329
(1331) Exocytosis 120329
(1330) Microfilament 120329
(1329) Sodium-potassium pump 120329
(1328) Flaccidity (cell biology) 120329
(1327) Microtubule 120329
(1326) Turgidity 120329
(1325) Oligosaccharide 120329
(1324) Intermediate filament 120328
(1323) Cytoskeleton 120328
(1322) Granum 120328
(1321) Thylakoid 120328
(1320) Cristae 120328
(1319) Proteoglycan 120328
(1318) Collagen 120328
(1317) Extracellular matrix 120328
(1316) Tight junction 120328
(1315) Gap junction 120328
(1314) Desmosome 120328
(1313) Food vacuole 120328
(1312) Phagosome 120328
(1311) Vacuole 120328
(1310) Cisternae 120328
(1309) Trans face (of Golgi apparatus) 120328
(1308) Cis face (of Golgi apparatus) 120328
(1307) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 120328
(1306) Lumen (endomembrane) 120328
(1305) Endoplasmic reticulum 120328
(1304) Nucleolus 120328
(1303) Nuclear membrane 120328
(1302) Doing well in biology class 120328
(1301) Membrane-bound organelle 120328
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(1300) Compartmentalization 120328
(1299) Surface-to-volume ratio 120328
(1298) Cytosol 120328
(1297) Prokaryotic cell 120328
(1296) Endergonic reaction 120327
(1295) Exergonic reaction 120327
(1294) Energy transduction 120327
(1293) Second law of thermodynamics 120327
(1292) First law of thermodynamics 120327
(1291) Thermodynamics 120327
(1290) Enzyme specificity 120327
(1289) Ligand 120327
(1288) Enzyme saturation 120327
(1287) Cooperativity 120327
(1286) Enzyme inhibitor 120327
(1285) Enzyme activator 120327
(1284) Induced fit 120327
(1283) Pi 120327
(1282) Inorganic phosphate 120327
(1281) ATP hydrolysis 120327
(1280) Energy coupling 120327
(1279) Ring form 120326
(1278) Disulfide bridge 120326
(1277) Phosphodiester linkage 120326
(1276) Protein folding 120326
(1275) Beta pleated sheet 120326
(1274) Alpha helix 120326
(1273) Polypeptide backbone 120326
(1272) R group 120326
(1271) Protein primary structure 120326
(1270) Protein secondary structure 120326
(1269) Protein tertiary structure 120326
(1268) Protein quaternary structure 120326
(1267) Monomer 120326
(1266) Subunit 120326
(1265) Deoxyribose 120326
(1264) Triose 120326
(1263) Pentose 120326
(1262) Ribose 120326
(1261) Nucleoside 120326
(1260) Adenine 120326
(1259) Cytosine 120326
(1258) Guanine 120326
(1257) Nitrogenous base 120326
(1256) Purine 120326
(1255) Pyrimidine 120326
(1254) Thymine 120326
(1253) Uracil 120326
(1252) Strand complementarity 120326
(1251) Steroid 120325
(1250) Oil 120325
(1249) Ketose 120325
(1248) Lactose 120325
(1247) Chitin 120325
(1246) Glycosidic linkage 120325
(1245) Hexose 120325
(1244) Aldose 120325
(1243) Phosphate group 120325
(1242) Amino group 120325
(1241) Carboxyl group 120325
(1240) Aldehyde 120325
(1239) Ketone 120325
(1238) Sulfhydryl group 120325
(1237) Sulfur 120325
(1236) Hydrophilic functional groups 120325
(1235) Functional group 120324
(1234) Enantiomer 120324
(1233) Geometric isomer 120324
(1232) Structural isomer 120324
(1231) Isomer 120324
(1230) Hydration shell 120324
(1229) Hydronium ion 120324
(1228) Adhesion 120324
(1227) Polar solvent 120324
(1226) Osmotic pressure 120322
(1225) Moiety 120322
(1224) Reduced organic compound 120321
(1223) Nature 120320
(1222) Interspecific interactions 120320
(1221) Photon 120317
(1220) Sucrose 120317
(1219) Macrofungi 120317
(1218) Chronic infection 120315
(1217) Central dogma 120314
(1216) Atomic number 120312
(1215) Carbonyl group 120311
(1214) Triglyceride 120311
(1213) Hydrocarbon 120311
(1212) Triple bond 120311
(1211) Double bond 120311
(1210) Single bond 120311
(1209) Glycerol 120311
(1208) Hydroxyl group 120311
(1207) Hydrophobic exclusion 120309
(1206) Cohesion 120309
(1205) Hydrogen ion 120309
(1204) Mendelian ratio 120309
(1203) 9:3:3:1 ratio 120309
(1202) Mating 120309
(1201) 3:1 ratio 120309
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(1200) Macroorganism 120308
(1199) Heat 120308
(1198) Energy source 120308
(1197) Carbon source 120308
(1196) Methanol 120308
(1195) Ethanol 120308
(1194) Alcohol 120308
(1193) Antimicrobial 120308
(1192) Daughter cell 120308
(1191) Digestion 120308
(1190) Digestive enzyme 120308
(1189) Biochemical test 120308
(1188) ATP synthase 120308
(1187) Organic 120306
(1186) Extrachromosomal DNA 120306
(1185) Nucleotide 120306
(1184) Antiviral 120306
(1183) Microbiome 120306
(1182) Pascalization 120306
(1181) Lawn 120305
(1180) Biology major 120305
(1179) Insoluble 120305
(1178) High and Dry 120304
(1177) Primary pathogen 120304
(1176) Acid fast 120304
(1175) Science 120304
(1174) Microbial techniques 120304
(1173) Principles of disease 120304
(1172) Microbial pharmacology 120304
(1171) Microscopy 120304
(1170) Microbiology 120304
(1169) Life's diversity 120304
(1168) Cell biology 120304
(1167) Physiology 120304
(1166) antibiotic-associated superinfection 120303
(1165) Colitis 120303
(1164) Antibiotic sensitivity 120303
(1163) Antibiotic target 120303
(1162) Candida albicans 120303
(1161) Enzyme activity 120303
(1160) Presumptive treatment 120303
(1159) Bioactive 120303
(1158) Drug 120303
(1157) Allergic reaction 120303
(1156) Selective toxicity 120303
(1155) Antibacterial 120303
(1154) Pathogenic 120303
(1153) Polymer 120303
(1152) Side effects 120303
(1151) Weak bonds 120302
(1150) Electrons store energy 120302
(1149) Salt Bridge 120302
(1148) Ionic bond 120302
(1147) Hydrogen bond 120302
(1146) Conformation 120302
(1145) Cell membrane 120302
(1144) Reactant 120302
(1143) Chemical reaction 120302
(1142) Static equilibrium 120302
(1141) Reversible reaction 120302
(1140) Forward reaction 120302
(1139) Secondary lymphoid organs 120302
(1138) Primary lymphoid organs 120302
(1137) Lymph node 120302
(1136) Immune tolerance 120302
(1135) Passive immunity 120302
(1134) Active immunity 120302
(1133) Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I 120302
(1132) Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II 120302
(1131) Mast cell 120301
(1130) Cytotoxic lymphocyte 120301
(1129) Immune surveillance 120301
(1128) Histamine 120301
(1127) Glycogen 120301
(1126) Insulin 120301
(1125) sp. 120229
(1124) spp. 120229
(1123) Trichomonas vaginalis 120229
(1122) Antibiotic resistance 120229
(1121) Adaptability 120228
(1120) Biomolecule 120227
(1119) Molecular oxygen 120227
(1118) Periodic table of elements 120227
(1117) Chemical 120227
(1116) Selection 120224
(1115) Salt 120224
(1114) Progeny 120224
(1113) Globular protein 120224
(1112) Glycine 120224
(1111) Dalton 120223
(1110) Atomic mass 120223
(1109) Eutrophic 120223
(1108) Antigenic 120223
(1107) Neutron 120222
(1106) Isotope 120222
(1105) Covalent bond 120222
(1104) Polar covalent bond 120222
(1103) Nonpolar covalent bond 120222
(1102) Living 120222
(1101) Living thing 120222
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(1100) Molecule 120222
(1099) Ion 120222
(1098) Aqueous solution 120222
(1097) Canalization 120221
(1096) Stochastic 120221
(1095) Colloid 120221
(1094) Valence electrons 120220
(1093) Proton 120220
(1092) Atom 120220
(1091) Hydrogen 120220
(1090) Oxygen 120220
(1089) Carbon 120220
(1088) Body 120220
(1087) Element 120220
(1086) Essential elements 120220
(1085) Life 120220
(1084) Electronegativity 120220
(1083) Innate immunity 120212
(1082) Adaptive immunity 120212
(1081) Toll-like receptors 120212
(1080) Pathogen-associated molecular patterns 120212
(1079) Cytokines 120212
(1078) Skin 120212
(1077) Mucous membrane 120212
(1076) Mucus 120212
(1075) Lacrimal apparatus 120212
(1074) Saliva 120212
(1073) Ciliary escalator 120212
(1072) Sebum 120212
(1071) Lysozyme 120212
(1070) Gastric juice 120212
(1069) Vaginal secretions 120212
(1068) Urine 120212
(1067) Leukocyte 120212
(1066) Neutrophil 120212
(1065) Basophil 120212
(1064) Eosinophil 120212
(1063) Monocyte 120212
(1062) Macrophage 120212
(1061) Dendritic cell 120212
(1060) Lymphocyte 120212
(1059) Natural killer (NK) cell 120212
(1058) Phagocytosis 120212
(1057) Phagocyte 120212
(1056) Fixed macrophage 120212
(1055) Free (wandering) macrophage 120212
(1054) Mononuclear phagocytic (reticuloendothelial) system 120212
(1053) Chemotaxis (immunology) 120212
(1052) Adherence 120212
(1051) Opsonization 120212
(1050) Ingestion 120212
(1049) Inflammation 120212
(1048) Vasodilation 120212
(1047) Increased permeability 120212
(1046) Edema 120212
(1045) Pus 120212
(1044) Abscess 120212
(1043) Diapedesis 120212
(1042) Fever 120212
(1041) Complement system 120212
(1040) Membrane attack complex 120212
(1039) Classical pathway 120212
(1038) Alternative pathway 120212
(1037) Interferon 120212
(1036) Antimicrobial peptides 120212
(1035) Vaccine 120211
(1034) Attenuated whole-agent vaccine 120211
(1033) Inactivated whole-agent vaccine 120211
(1032) Toxoid 120211
(1031) Recombinant vaccine 120211
(1030) Acellular vaccine 120211
(1029) Conjugated vaccine 120211
(1028) Adjuvant 120211
(1027) Sensitivity 120211
(1026) Specificity 120211
(1025) Hybridoma 120211
(1024) Monoclonal antibody (mAb) 120211
(1023) Humanized antibody 120211
(1022) Fully humanized antibody 120211
(1021) Antibody titer 120211
(1020) Seroconversion 120211
(1019) Hemagglutination 120211
(1018) ELISA 120211
(1017) Nucleic acid vaccine 120211
(1016) Narrow spectrum of activity 120211
(1015) Broad spectrum of activity 120211
(1014) Superinfection 120211
(1013) Bacteriostatic 120211
(1012) Sulfanilamides (sulfa drugs) 120211
(1011) Penicillins 120211
(1010) MRSA 120211
(1009) Carbapenems 120211
(1008) Cephalosporins 120211
(1007) Bacitracin 120211
(1006) Vancomycin 120211
(1005) VRE 120211
(1004) Chloramphenicol 120211
(1003) Tetracyclines 120211
(1002) Erythromycin 120211
(1001) Rifampin 120211
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(1000) Quinolones 120211
(999) Protease inhibitor 120211
(998) Fusion inhibitor 120211
(997) Integrase inhibitor 120211
(996) Zone of inhibition 120211
(995) Minimal inhibitory concentration 120211
(994) Broth dilution test 120211
(993) Minimal bactericidal concentration 120211
(992) Antibiogram 120211
(991) Enzymatic inactivation of a drug 120211
(990) Prevention of penetration to target site 120211
(989) Rapid efflux 120211
(988) Antagonism 120211
(987) Phage therapy 120211
(986) Adsorption 120211
(985) Macrolide antibiotics 120211
(984) Polypeptide antibiotics 120211
(983) Beta-lactam antibiotics 120211
(982) Beta-lactam ring 120211
(981) Beta lactamase 120211
(980) Portal of entry 120210
(979) Parenteral route 120210
(978) ID50 120210
(977) Adherence (adhesion) 120210
(976) Antigenic variation 120210
(975) Toxin (bacterial) 120210
(974) Toxigenicity 120210
(973) Antitoxin 120210
(972) Hemolysin 120210
(971) Endotoxin 120210
(970) Septic shock 120210
(969) Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay 120210
(968) Portal of exit 120210
(967) M protein 120210
(966) Coagulase 120210
(965) Siderophore 120210
(964) Superantigen 120210
(963) Reservoir of infection 120210
(962) Carriers 120210
(961) Zoonoses 120210
(960) Contact transmission 120210
(959) Direct contact transmission 120210
(958) Indirect contact transmission 120210
(957) Fomite 120210 Droplet transmission 120210
(956) Vehicle transmission 120210
(955) Vector of disease 120210
(954) Mechanical transmission 120210
(953) Biological transmission 120210
(952) Nosocomial infection 120210
(951) Compromised host 120210
(950) Chain of transmission 120210
(949) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 120210
(948) Morbidity 120210
(947) Mortality 120210
(946) Notifiable infectious diseases 120210
(945) Morbidity rate 120210
(944) Mortality rate 120210
(943) Pathology 120210
(942) Etiology 120210
(941) Pathogenesis 120210
(940) Infection 120210
(939) Disease 120210
(938) Normal microbiota/flora 120210
(937) Microbial antagonism (competitive exclusion) 120210
(936) Parasitism 120210
(935) Koch's postulates 120210
(934) Symptoms 120210
(933) Signs 120210
(932) Syndrome 120210
(931) Communicable disease 120210
(930) Contagious disease 120210
(929) Noncommunicable disease 120210
(928) Incidence 120210
(927) Prevalence 120210
(926) Sporadic 120210
(925) Endemic 120210
(924) Epidemic 120210
(923) Pandemic 120210
(922) Acute disease 120210
(921) Chronic disease 120210
(920) Subacute disease 120210
(919) Latent disease 120210
(918) Herd immunity 120210
(917) Local infection 120210
(916) Systemic (generalized) infection 120210
(915) Focal infection 120210
(914) Sepsis (within the body) 120210
(913) Septicemia 120210
(912) Bacteremia 120210
(911) Toxemia 120210
(910) Viremia 120210
(909) Primary infection 120210
(908) Secondary infection 120210
(907) Subclinical (inapparent) infection 120210
(906) Predisposing factor 120210
(905) Incubation period 120210
(904) Prodromal period 120210
(903) Period of illness 120210
(902) Period of decline 120210
(901) Period of convalescence 120210
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(900) Transmission of disease 120210
(899) Normal flora 120210
(898) Affinity 120210
(897) Agglutination 120210
(896) Antibody 120210
(895) Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) 120210
(894) Antigen 120210
(893) Antigen-binding site 120210
(892) Antigen-presenting cell 120210
(891) Antiserum 120210
(890) Artificially acquired active immunity 120210
(889) Artificially acquired passive immunity 120210
(888) B cell 120210
(887) Cellular immunity 120210
(886) Clonal deletion 120210
(885) Clonal selection 120210
(884) Cytokine storm 120210
(883) Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) 120210
(882) Endogenous antigen 120210
(881) Epitope (antigenic determinant) 120210
(880) Gamma globulin 120210
(879) Humoral immunity 120210
(878) IgA 120210
(877) IgE 120210
(876) IgG 120210
(875) IgM 120210
(874) Immunoglobulin (Ig) 120210
(873) Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) 120210
(872) Memory cell 120210
(871) Naturally acquired active immunity 120210
(870) Naturally acquired passive immunity 120210
(869) Neutralization 120210
(868) Perforin 120210
(867) Plasma cell 120210
(866) Primary response 120210
(865) Secondary response 120210
(864) Specificity (immunological) 120210
(863) T cell 120210
(862) T-cell receptor 120210
(861) T-dependent antigen 120210
(860) T helper cell 120210
(859) T-independent antigen 120210
(858) T regulatory cell 120210
(857) Valence 120210
(856) Nucleocapsid 120210
(855) Obligatory intracellular parasite 120206
(854) Host range 120206
(853) Virion 120206
(852) Capsid 120206
(851) Envelope 120206
(850) Capsomeres 120206
(849) Spike (viral) 120206
(848) Nonenveloped virus 120206
(847) Helical virus 120206
(846) Polyhedral virus 120206
(845) Enveloped virus 120206
(844) Complex virus 120206
(843) Viral species 120206
(842) Plaque (viral) 120206
(841) Plaque-forming unit (PFU) 120206
(840) Cell culture 120206
(839) Cytopathic effects (CPE) 120206
(838) Primary cell line 120206
(837) Diploid cell line 120206
(836) Continuous cell line 120206
(835) One- (single-) step growth curve 120206
(834) Lytic cycle 120206
(833) Lysogenic cycle 120206
(832) Attachment (viral) 120206
(831) Penetration (viral) 120206
(830) Biosynthesis (viral) 120206
(829) Maturation (viral) 120206
(828) Release (viral) 120206
(827) Lysogeny 120206
(826) Prophage 120206
(825) Lysogenic conversion 120206
(824) Specialized transduction 120206
(823) Pinocytosis (virus) 120206
(822) Fusion (virus) 120206
(821) Uncoating (virus) 120206
(820) Sense (+) strand 120206
(819) Antisense (-) strand 120206
(818) Retrovirus 120206
(817) Provirus 120206
(816) Budding 120206
(815) Latent infection 120206
(814) Viroid 120206
(813) Tissue culture 120206
(812) Asexual spore 120127
(811) Budding yeast 120127
(810) Candida 120127
(809) Cestode 120127
(808) Coenocytic hyphae 120127
(807) Conidia (Conidiospore, Conidium) 120127
(806) Cutaneous mycoses 120127
(805) Definitive host 120127
(804) Dimorphic fungi 120127
(803) Dimorphism 120127
(802) Fission yeast 120127
(801) Fleshy fungi 120127
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(800) Fluke 120127
(799) Giardia 120127
(798) Intermediate host 120127
(797) Karyogamy 120127
(796) Mold 120127
(795) Mycology 120127
(794) Mycorrhizae 120127
(793) Paralytic shellfish poisoning 120127
(792) Plasmodium 120127
(791) Plasmogamy 120127
(790) Pseudohyphae 120127
(789) Saccharomyces 120127
(788) Septate hyphae 120127
(787) Septum (cytoplasmic) 120127
(786) Sexual spore 120127
(785) Subcutaneous mycoses 120127
(784) Superficial mycoses 120127
(783) Systemic mycoses 120127
(782) Tapeworm 120127
(781) Trematode 120127
(780) Trichomonas 120127
(779) Vector (of parasites) 120127
(778) Yeast infection 120127
(777) Acinetobacter 120127
(776) Bacillus 120127
(775) Bacteroides 120127
(774) Bdellovibrio 120127
(773) Beta-hemolytic streptococci 120127
(772) Bordetella 120127
(771) Borrelia 120127
(770) Burkholderia 120127
(769) Campylobacter 120127
(768) Chlamydia 120127
(767) Clostridium 120127
(766) Clostridium botulinum 120127
(765) Clostridium difficile 120127
(764) Clostridium perfringens 120127
(763) Clostridium tetani 120127
(762) Corynebacterium 120127
(761) Cyanobacteria 120127
(760) Enterics 120127
(759) Enterobacter 120127
(758) Enterococcus 120127
(757) Escherichia 120127
(756) Fusobacterium 120127
(755) Gardnerella 120127
(754) Haemophilus 120127
(753) Helicobacter 120127
(752) Klebsiella 120127
(751) Lactobacillus 120127
(750) Legionella 120127
(749) Leptospira 120127
(748) Listeria 120127
(747) Moraxella 120127
(746) Mycobacterium 120127
(745) Mycoplasma 120127
(744) Neisseria 120127
(743) Non-beta-hemolytic streptococci 120127
(742) Pasteurella 120127
(741) Propionibacterium 120127
(740) Proteobacteria 120127
(739) Proteus 120127
(738) Pseudomonas 120127
(737) Rhizobia 120127
(736) Rickettsia 120127
(735) Salmonella 120127
(734) Serratia 120127
(733) Shigella 120127
(732) Staphylococcus 120127
(731) Streptococcus 120127
(730) Streptomyces 120127
(729) Treponema 120127
(728) Vibrio 120127
(727) Yersinia 120127
(726) Extremophiles 120127
(725) Axial filament 120127
(724) Eukaryotic cell 120124
(723) Nosocomial 120122
(722) Taxa (Taxon) 120121
(721) Systematics 120121
(720) Phylogeny 120121
(720) Domain Eukarya 120121
(719) Domain Bacteria 120121
(718) Binomial nomenclature 120121
(717) Family 120121
(716) Order 120121
(715) Class 120121
(714) Phylum 120121
(713) Strain 120121
(712) Protist 120121
(711) Clade 120121
(710) Serology 120121
(709) Slide agglutination test 120121
(708) Serovar (Serotype) 120121
(707) Biovar (Biotype) 120121
(706) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 120121
(705) Western blot 120121
(704) Phage typing 120121
(703) Flow cytometry 120121
(702) Polymerase chain reaction 120121
(701) Nucleic acid hybridization 120121
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(700) DNA chip 120121
(699) Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) 120121
(698) Dichotomous key 120121
(697) Cladogram 120121
(696) Coliforms 120114
(695) Family Enterobacteriaceae 120114
(694) Spot inoculation 120115
(693) Biotechnology 120114
(692) Recombinant DNA technology 120114
(691) Clone (biotechnology) 120114
(690) Artificial selection 120114
(689) Site-directed mutagenesis 120114
(688) Restriction enzyme 120114
(687) Methylation 120114
(686) Blunt ends 120114
(685) Sticky ends 120114
(684) Vector (biotechnology) 120114
(683) Shuttle vector 120114
(682) Transformation (biotechnology) 120114
(681) Electroporation 120114
(680) Protoplast fusion 120114
(679) Microinjection 120114
(678) Genomic library 120114
(677) Reverse transcriptase 120114
(676) Complementary DNA (cDNA) 120114
(675) Colony hybridization 120114
(674) DNA probe 120114
(673) Subunit vaccine 120114
(672) DNA vaccine 120114
(671) DNA sequencing 120114
(670) Random shotgun sequencing 120114
(669) Bioinformatics 120114
(668) Proteomics 120114
(667) Reverse genetics 120114
(666) Southern blotting 120114
(665) Gel electrophoresis 120114
(664) RFLP 120114
(663) DNA fingerprinting 120114
(662) Ti plasmid 120114
(661) Antisense technology 120114
(660) Genome 120113
(659) Base pair 120113
(658) Genetic code 120113
(657) Genomics 120113
(656) DNA polymerase 120113
(655) Transcription 120113
(654) Messenger RNA 120113
(653) Promoter 120113
(652) Translation 120113
(651) Codon 120113
(650) Sense codon 120113
(649) Nonsense codon 120113
(648) Repression 120113
(647) Repressor 120113
(646) Induction (genetic) 120113
(645) Inducer 120113
(644) Operator 120113
(643) Operon 120113
(642) Corepressor 120113
(641) Catabolite repression 120113
(640) Base substitution 120113
(639) Missense mutation 120113
(638) Nonsense mutation 120113
(637) Frameshift mutation 120113
(636) Spontaneous mutation 120113
(635) Mutagen 120113
(634) Nucleoside analog 120113
(633) Direct (positive) selection 120113
(632) Indirect (negative) selection 120113
(631) Replica plating 120113
(630) Auxotroph 120113
(629) Ames test 120113
(628) Genetic recombination 120113
(627) Vertical gene transfer 120113
(626) Donor cell 120113
(625) Recipient cell 120113
(624) Transformation (genetic) 120113
(623) Competence (genetic) 120113
(622) Conjugation 120113
(621) Transduction 120113
(620) Bacteriophage (phage) 120113
(619) Generalized transduction 120113
(618) Conjugative plasmid 120113
(617) Transposon 120113
(616) Terminator 120113
(615) RNA polymerase 120113
(614) Induction (bacteriophage) 120113
(613) Transcriptional regulation 120113
(612) Stop codon 120113
(611) Mutation rate 120113
(610) Cyclic AMP 120113
(609) Pasteurization 120113
(608) Thermoduric 120113
(607) High-temperature short-time (HTST) Pasteurization 120113
(606) Ultra-high-temperature short-time (HTST) Pasteurization 120113
(605) Equivalent treatment 120113
(604) Flaming 120113
(603) Hot-air sterilization 120113
(602) High-efficiency particular air (HEPA) filters 120113
(601) Membrane filter 120113
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(600) Desiccation 120113
(599) Ionizing radiation 120113
(598) Nonionizing radiation 120113
(597) Use-dilution test 120113
(596) Disk-diffusion method 120113
(595) Phenol 120113
(594) Phenolics 120113
(593) Biguanides 120113
(592) Halogens 120113
(591) Tincture 120113
(590) Iodophors 120113
(589) Alcohols 120113
(588) Heavy metals 120113
(587) Soap 120113
(586) Surfactant 120113
(585) Quaternary ammonium compounds (Quats) 120113
(584) Aldehydes 120113
(583) Chemical sterilization 120113
(582) Peroxygens 120113
(581) Disinfectant 120112
(580) Autoclave 120112
(579) Decimal reduction time (DRT or D value) 120112
(578) Thermal death point (TDP) 120112
(577) Asepsis 120112
(576) Sepsis (general term) 120112
(575) Bacteriostasis 120112
(574) Germicide 120112
(573) Biocide 120112
(572) Sanitization 120112
(571) Degerm 120112
(570) Antiseptic 120111
(569) Disinfection 120111
(568) Commercial sterilization 120111
(567) Sterilant 120111
(566) Sterilization 120111
(565) Alcohol fermentation 120106
(564) Heterolactic 120106
(563) Fermentation test 120106
(562) Photoheterotroph 120106
(561) Aerobic respiration 120106
(560) Anaerobic respiration 120106
(559) Phototroph 120106
(558) Chemotroph 120106
(557) Autotroph 120106
(556) Heterotroph 120106
(555) Organic growth factor 120106
(554) Culture (microbiology) 120106
(553) Sterile 120106
(552) Capnophile 120106
(551) Enrichment culture 120106
(550) Streak plate method 120106
(550) Lyophilization 120106
(549) Generation time 120106
(548) Bacterial growth 120106
(547) Standard bacterial growth curve 120106
(546) Lag phase 120106
(545) Log phase 120106
(544) Death phase 120106
(543) Logarithmic decline phase 120106
(542) Plate count 120106
(541) Colony-forming unit (CFU) 120106
(540) Filtration 120106
(539) Most probable number method (MPN) 120106
(538) Direct microscopic count 120106
(537) Turbidity 120106
(536) Dry weight 120106
(535) Deamination 120106
(534) Metabolic pathway 120106
(533) Reaction rate 120106
(532) Enzyme-substrate complex 120106
(531) Turnover rate 120106
(530) Apoenzyme 120106
(529) Cofactor 120106
(528) Coenzyme 120106
(527) Holoenzyme 120106
(526) Denaturation 120106
(525) Saturation 120106
(524) Competitive inhibition 120106
(523) Feedback inhibition 120106
(522) Dehydrogenation 120106
(521) Substrate-level phosphorylation 120106
(520) Oxidative phosphorylation 120106
(519) Acidophile 120106
(518) Aerotolerant anaerobe 120106
(517) Extreme halophile 120106
(516) Facultative anaerobe 120106
(515) Facultative halophile 120106
(514) Hyperthermophile 120106
(513) Mesophile 120106
(512) Microaerophile 120106
(511) Obligate aerobe 120106
(510) Obligate anaerobe 120106
(509) Obligate halophile 120106
(508) Plasmolysis 120106
(507) Psychrophile 120106
(506) Psychrotroph 120106
(505) Thermophile 120106
(504) Culture media 120106
(503) Chemically defined media 120106
(502) Complex media 120106
(501) Nutrient broth 120106
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(500) Nutrient agar 120106
(499) Reducing media 120106
(498) Selective media 120106
(497) Differential media 120106
(496) Chemoautotroph 120106
(495) Saprophyte 120106
(494) Parasite 120106
(493) Green bacteria 120106
(492) Green nonsulfur bacteria 120106
(491) Purple bacteria 120106
(490) Purple nonsulfur bacteria 120106
(489) pH buffer 120105
(488) pH 120105
(487) Base 120105
(486) Acid 120105
(485) Solvent 120105
(484) Anion 120105
(483) Cation 120105
(482) Recombinant DNA 120105
(481) Microbial genetics 120105
(480) Molecular biology 120105
(479) Microbial ecology 120105
(478) Bioremediation 120105
(477) Normal microbiota 120105
(476) Emerging infectious diseases 120105
(475) Virology 120105
(474) Parasitology 120105
(473) Chemotherapy 120105
(472) Synthetic drug 120105
(471) Immunology 120104
(470) Immunity 120104
(469) Germ Theory of Disease 120104
(468) Biogenesis 120104
(467) Spontaneous generation 120104
(466) Helminth 120104
(465) Capsule 120104
(464) Slime layer 120104
(463) Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) 120104
(462) Flagella (flagellum) 120104
(461) Atrichous 120104
(460) Peritrichous 120104
(459) Monotrichous 120104
(458) Lophotrichous 120104
(457) Amphitrichous 120104
(456) Motility 120104
(455) Taxis 120104
(454) Chemotaxis (general) 120104
(453) Phototaxis 120104
(452) Endoflagella 120104
(451) Fimbriae (fimbria) 120104
(450) Pili (pilus) 120104
(449) Twitching motility 120104
(448) Gliding motility 120104
(447) Conjugation (sex) pili 120104
(446) Peptidoglycan 120104
(445) Gram-positive cell wall 120104
(444) Gram-negative cell wall 120104
(443) Porin 120104
(442) Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 120104
(441) Lipid A 120104
(440) Core polysaccharide 120104
(439) O polysaccharide 120104
(438) Protoplast 120104
(437) Spheroplast 120104
(436) Osmotic lysis 120104
(435) Glycoprotein 120104
(434) Isotonic solution 120104
(433) Hypotonic solution 120104
(432) Hypertonic solution 120104
(431) Nucleoid 120104
(430) Bacterial chromosome 120104
(429) Plasmid 120104
(428) Inclusion 120104
(427) Endospore 120104
(426) Sporulation 120104
(425) Germination 120104
(424) Outer membrane 120104
(423) Inner membrane 120104
(422) Growth 120104
(421) Polysaccharide 120103
(420) Glycocalyx 120103
(419) Bacillus (morphology) 111231
(418) Diplococcus 111231
(417) Streptococcus (morphology) 111231
(416) Tetrad 111231
(415) Sarcina (morphology) 111231
(414) Staphylococcus (morphology) 111231
(413) Vibrio (morphology) 111231
(412) Spirilla (morphology) 111231
(411) Spirochete 111231
(410) Pleomorphic 111231
(409) Cell envelope 111231
(408) Arrangement (cellular) 111231
(407) Negative stain 111231
(406) Refractive index 111231
(405) Acid-fast stain 111231
(404) Counterstain 111231
(403) Gram negative 111231
(402) Gram positive 111231
(401) Decolorizing agent 111231
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(400) Primary stain 111231
(399) Gram stain 111231
(398) Differential stain 111231
(397) Mordant 111231
(396) Simple stain 111231
(395) Acidic dye 111231
(394) Basic dye 111231
(393) Staining 111231
(392) Scanning electron microscopy 111231
(391) Transmission electron microscopy 111231
(390) Fluorescence microscopy 111231
(389) Phase contrast microscopy 111231
(388) Darkfield illumination 111231
(387) Total magnification 111231
(386) Illuminator 111231
(385) Nanometer 111231
(384) Micrometer 111231
(383) Sequence 111201
(382) Allele-neutral 111201
(381) Alive 111201
(380) Biased reproductive success 111128
(379) Disruptive selection 111128
(378) Bottleneck (genetic) 111128
(377) Anaerobe 111128
(376) Aerobe 111128
(375) Domain Archaea 111127
(374) Prokaryote 111126
(373) Specific epithet 111126
(372) Genus 111126
(371) Exotoxin 111125
(370) Adaptive zone 111124
(369) Spindle fibers 111124
(368) Fixing a smear 111119
(367) Smear 111119
(366) Electron microscopy 111119
(365) Brightfield illumination 111119
(364) Light microscopy 111119
(363) Ocular lens 111119
(362) Selective sweep 111118
(361) Population biology 111118
(360) Parapatric 111118
(359) Neutral variation 111118
(358) Neutral allele 111118
(357) Negative selection 111118
(356) Metagenomics 111118
(355) Lethal allele 111118
(354) Isogenic 111118
(353) Haploid 111118
(352) Evolutionary ecology 111118
(351) Eukaryote 111118
(350) Panmixis 111118
(349) Stabilizing selection 111118
(348) Stationary phase 111118
(347) Tradeoffs 111118
(346) Epidemiology 111118
(345) Deleterious allele 111118
(344) Detrimental allele 111118
(343) Darwinian fitness 111118
(342) Continuous culture 111118
(341) Conspecific 111118
(340) Competitive exclusion 111118
(339) Clutch size 111118
(338) Clonal interference 111118
(337) Clonal expansion 111118
(336) Clone 111118
(335) Chemostat 111118
(334) Bottom-up control 111118
(333) Biogeography 111118
(332) Balanced mutation 111118
(331) Balanced polymorphism 111118
(330) Bacteriophage 111118
(329) Apoptosis 111118
(328) Antagonistic pleiotropy 111118
(327) Absolute fitness 111118
(326) Biological species concept 111117
(325) Speciation 111117
(324) Macroevolution 111117
(323) Sexual selection 111117
(322) Fitness 111117
(321) Horizontal gene transfer 111117
(320) Eumetazoan 111115
(319) Parazoan 111115
(318) Organism 111115
(317) Amylose 111113
(316) Bactericidal 111113
(315) Adaptation 111113
(314) Amylopectin 111113
(313) Flatworms 111113
(312) Homo sapiens 111113
(311) Genus Homo 111113
(310) Great apes 111113
(309) Family Hominidae 111113
(308) Order Primates 111113
(307) Class Mammalia 111112
(306) Birds 111112
(305) Amniotes 111112
(304) Tetrapod 111112
(303) Subphylum Vertebrata 111112
(302) Phylum Chordata 111112
(301) Phylum Echinodermata 111112
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(300) Phylum Arthropoda 111112
(299) Mollusks 111112
(298) Phylum Mollusca 111112
(297) Segmented worms 111112
(296) Phylum Annelida 111112
(295) Roundworms 111112
(294) Phylum Nematoda 111112
(293) Coelom 111112
(292) Mesoderm 111112
(291) Phylum Platyhelminthes 111112
(290) Ectoderm 111112
(289) Endoderm 111112
(288) Phylum Cnidaria 111112
(287) Sponges 111112
(286) Phylum Porifera 111112
(285) Tissue 111112
(284) Kingdom Animalia 111112
(283) Fruit 111111
(282) Flower 111111
(281) Conifer 111111
(280) Pollen 111111
(279) Seed 111111
(278) Fern 111111
(277) Mycelia 111111
(276) Moss 111111
(275) Sporophyte 111111
(274) Gametophyte 111111
(273) Alternation of generations 111111
(272) Chloroplast 111111
(271) Green algae 111111
(270) Spore 111111
(269) Hyphae 111111
(268) Photoautotroph 111111
(267) Chemoheterotroph 111110
(266) Kingdom Fungi 111110
(265) Universal tree 111110
(264) Kingdom 111110
(263) Domain 111110
(262) Binomial 111110
(261) Taxonomy 111110
(260) Founder effect 111108
(259) Genetic bottlenecking 111108
(258) Genetic drift 111108
(257) Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium 111108
(256) Extinction 111108
(255) Polymorphism 111108
(254) Fixation 111108
(253) Gene pool 111108
(252) Allele frequency 111108
(251) Microevolution 111104
(250) Evolution 111103
(249) Fixed-action pattern 111103
(248) Proximate causation 111103
(247) Ultimate causation 111103
(246) Range 111103
(245) Food web 111103
(244) Trophic interactions 111103
(243) Climax species 111103
(242) Ecological succession 111103
(241) Exploitative competition 111103
(240) Carrying capacity 111103
(239) Logistic growth 111103
(238) Exponential growth 111103
(237) Niche 111103
(236) Multicellular 111030
(235) Colony 111030
(234) Biofilm 111030
(233) Prion-caused diseases 111030
(232) Helminth-caused diseases 111030
(231) Algae-caused diseases 111030
(230) Fungus-caused diseases 111030
(229) Cellular differentiation 111030
(228) Germline 111030
(227) Determinism 111029
(226) Soma 111025
(225) Protozoan-caused diseases 111025
(224) Virus-caused diseases 111025
(223) Bacteria-caused diseases 111025
(222) Vaccination 111025
(221) Prions 111025
(220) Algae 111025
(219) Protozoa 111025
(218) Yeast 111025
(217) Virus 111025
(216) Aseptic technique 111025
(215) Broth 111025
(214) Agar 111017
(213) Diploid 111015
(212) Allele 111015
(211) Locus 111015
(210) Mendelian genetics 111015
(209) Base pairing 111015
(208) Dominant 111015
(207) Recessive 111015
(206) Homozygote 111015
(205) Heterozygote 111015
(204) Human autosomal dominant conditions 111015
(203) Human autosomal recessive conditions 111015
(202) Sex-linked recessive 111015
(201) Ribosome 111009
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(200) Translation 111009
(199) Gene 111009
(198) Molecular genetics 111009
(197) Transcription 111009
(196) Replication fork 111009
(195) Double helix 111009
(194) Nucleic acid 111009
(193) Telophase 111009
(192) Anaphase 111009
(191) Prophase 111009
(190) Metaphase 111009
(189) Meiosis 111009
(188) Recombination 111009
(187) Binary fission 111009
(186) Cytokinesis 111008
(185) Interphase 111008
(184) Mitosis 111008
(183) Chromosome 111008
(182) Cell nucleus 111008
(181) Endosymbiont 111008
(180) Cell wall 111008
(179) Cilia 111008
(178) Flagella (Eukaryotic) 111008
(177) Lysosome 111008
(176) Sex 111007
(175) Vesicle 111002
(174) Golgi apparatus 111002
(173) Rough endoplasmic reticulum 111002
(172) Endomembrane system 111002
(171) Organelle 111002
(170) Cytoplasm 111002
(169) Endocytosis 111002
(168) Cell 111002
(167) Plasma membrane 111002
(166) Kingdom Plantae 111002
(165) Dark reaction (of photosynthesis) 111002
(164) Light reaction (of photosynthesis) 111002
(163) Anabolism 111002
(162) Catabolism 111002
(161) Metabolism 111002
(160) Chemical bond 111002
(159) Electron 111002
(158) Bioenergetics 111002
(157) Oxidation 111002
(156) Reduction 111002
(155) Proton motive force 111002
(154) Aerobic 111002
(153) Anaerobic 111002
(152) Glycolysis 111002
(151) Fermentation 111001
(150) Cellular respiration 111001
(149) Electron transport chain 111001
(148) Mitochondria 111001
(147) Carbon dioxide 111001
(146) NAD+ 111001
(145) Final electron acceptor 111001
(144) ADP 111001
(143) ATP 111001
(142) Active transport 110930
(141) Passive transport 110930
(140) Solute 110930
(139) Osmosis 110930
(138) Facilitated diffusion acid 110930
(137) Passive diffusion 110930
(136) Fluid mosaic model 110930
(135) Transmembrane protein 110930
(134) Peripheral membrane protein 110930
(133) Integral membrane protein 110930
(132) Membrane protein 110930
(131) Down a concentration gradient 110930
(130) Up a concentration gradient 110930
(129) Transport protein 110930
(128) Nutrient 110930
(127) Selective permeability 110930
(126) Cholesterol 110930
(125) Phospholipid 110929
(124) Lipid bilayer 110929
(123) Hydrophobic 110929
(122) Hydrophilic 110929
(121) Nonpolar substance 110929
(120) Water 110929
(119) Polar substance 110929
(118) Fat 110927
(117) Fatty acid 110927
(116) Lipid 110927
(115) Cellulose 110927
(114) Starch 110927
(113) Disaccharide 110927
(112) Monosaccharide 110927
(111) Sugar 110927
(110) Carbohydrate 110927
(109) Dehydration synthesis 110926
(108) Hydrolysis 110926
(107) Unsaturated fatty acid 110925
(106) Saturated fatty acid 110925
(105) Transition state 110925
(104) Allosteric inhibition 110925
(103) Product 110925
(102) Substrate 110925
(101) Active site 110925
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(100) Peptide bond 110922
(99) Polypeptide 110922
(98) Amino acid 110922
(97) Activation energy 110922
(96) Catalyst 110922
(95) Potential energy 110919
(94) Waste heat 110919
(93) Kinetic energy 110919
(92) Energy 110919
(91) Reversible reaction 110919
(90) Chemical equilibrium 110919
(89) Rate-limiting step 110919
(88) Rate constant 110919
(87) Concentration 110919
(86) Steady state 110919
(85) Negative control 110916
(84) Positive control 110916
(83) Controlled variables 110916
(82) Dependent variable 110916
(81) Independent variable 110916
(80) Biosphere 110916
(79) Ecosystem 110916
(78) Biotic 110916
(77) Abiotic 110916
(76) Ecology 110916
(75) Environment 110916
(74) Species 110916
(73) Population 110916
(72) Hereditary material 110916
(71) Cellular organism 110916
(70) RNA 110916
(69) DNA 110916
(68) Chemistry 110916
(67) Biology 110916
(66) Physics 110916
(65) Synthesis 110916
(64) Reductionism 110916
(63) Infectious disease 110625
(62) Opportunistic pathogen 110625
(61) Virulence 110625
(60) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 110625
(59) Absorption 110625
(58) Pharmacokinetics 110625
(57) Compound microscope 110625
(56) Coccus 110625
(55) Homeostasis 110619
(54) Hard selection 110610
(53) Synergy 110610
(52) Contrast 110602
(51) Pharmacodynamics 110602
The following have been subject to updating (click here to return to start of list):
(50) Resolution 110602
(49) Field of view 110601
(48) Magnification 110601
(47) Fine focus 110601
(46) Coarse focus 110601
(45) Parfocal 110601
(44) Objective lens 110601
(43) Mechanical stage 110531
(42) Stage 110531
(41) Iris diaphragm 110531
(40) Condenser 110531
(39) Light source 110531
(38) Bacteria 110531
(37) Maltose 110531
(36) Glucose 110531
(35) Semisynthetic 110531
(34) Commensalism 110530
(33) Photosynthesis 110530
(32) Symbiosis 110530
(31) Mutualism 110530
(30) Enzyme 110530
(29) Protein 110530
(28) Hitchhiking (genetic) 110530
(27) Pathogen 110530
(26) Microorganism 110530
(25) Migration (genetic) 110530
(24) Phenotype 110530
(23) Predator 110530
(22) Ecology 110529
(21) Exploiter 110529
(20) Mutation 110529
(19) Genetics 110529
(18) Angiosperm 110529
(17) Replication 110529
(16) Dynamic equilibrium 110528
(15) Bacterial sex 110528
(14) K selection 110528
(13) r selection 110528
(12) Epistasis 110528
(11) Macromolecule 110528
(10) Genotype 110528
(9) Constitutive expression 110528
(8) Biochemistry 110528
(7) Principle of allocation 110528
(6) Biology 110528
(5) Natural selection 110528
(4) Resistance plasmid 110528
(3) Chromosomal resistance 110528
(2) Spectrum of activity 110527
(1) Antibiotic 110527
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